Matronae Fachinehae

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The Fachinehae or Fahineihae are matrons , which in seven inscriptions on votive stones from the 2nd / 3rd centuries. Century have been handed down. Six of the inscriptions come from Zingsheim , from a matron shrine, which is considered the central place of worship of the Fachinehae, and one inscription from Euskirchen .

Inscriptions

During field work in 1895 near Nettersheim-Zingsheim in the district “Gleisiger Heck” three Franconian graves from the 7th century were discovered, in which two matron stones from the Fachinehae were reused for the grave walls and carved to the right size or cut off for the purpose.

Trees were depicted on the narrow sides of the first stone (50 × 50 cm) made of red sandstone.

"Matronis / Fachineihis / [3] Crispinius / [3] tus pro s [e] / ["

The second stone (44 × 49 cm) was reused as a cover plate, both narrow sides show a laurel tree as a decoration.

"Ma (tronis) Fachinehi [s] / Flavius ​​Co [m] / munis et C ["

In 1960, the first Roman building remains and inscription fragments were prospected in the area of ​​"Vor Hirschberg" and excavated from 1963 onwards. As a result, the planum was addressed as a matron shrine of the Fachinehae in the form of a Gallo-Roman temple . In 1976 another excavation took place at the "Gleisiger Heck", during which further graves were addressed. Two matron stones from the Fachinehae had been used as grave slabs.

"Fachinehis / L (ucius) (C) hvaiionius / Primus l (ibens) m (erito)"

"Mat (ronis) Fachine / is L (ucius) Celer / is pro se / et suis / l (ibens) m (erito)"

The donors of the stones were local acculturated farmers ( Ubier ) with Germanic names. The stones originally come from the matron shrine. The re-use in Franconian graves of the early Middle Ages is a local feature of the area around the former matron cult centers (Pesch, Nettersheim) in the Euskirchen district. The stone from Euskirchen, which was also reused as a cover plate in a late antique grave, is part of the Zingsheim finds.

"Matronis / Fa (c) hinihis M (arcus) / [An] nius (?) Placi / [d] us et Bassia / [ni] a Quieta / v (otum) s (olverunt) l (ibentes) m (erito ) "

Epithet and interpretation

Siegfried Gutenbrunner derived the epithet - from the subsidiary form Fahineihae - from Germanic * fahana = "happy (to be)" with reference to the female Germanic personal name "Fahena", a donor of a votive stone for the Matronae Octocannae , which he adorned in Gothic fahjan = " “Represents. Rudolf Simek cautiously follows Gutenbrunner and classifies the Fachinehae functionally as protective deities.

Piergiuseppe Scardigli, in his investigation of the language in the environment of the matrons, relates this to a cultic form of speech and thus, among other things, to the Fachinehae to Germanic * fah- = "to fit," and further to Gothic gafahrjan = "to prepare" as well as to faheþs = "joy "And to the German word root * fanh- =" to catch, grasp "and interpret the nickname as" matrons who know the right (magic word) ".

In the knowledge of more recent research that the matron's surnames are almost entirely topical in character, that is, are derived by name from a place, a place or a water body name, Günter Neumann reassessed the Germanic surnames. He consequently derived the name of the Fachinehae from the Germanic tribe * faχa- = "fish weir ", and the name as a whole from a hydronym (water body name), which means a "river with fish weirs". The word stem is the basic word of numerous (German) place names (or Fachingen ) and is present in the medieval river names of the Fachina; today the Alsatian fencing . Furthermore, the name belongs to a group of nicknames, which can also be derived from a place or position name, thanks to the -in element.

Theo Vennemann also starts from the basis of a hypothetical hydronym Facina . Unlike Neumann, he initially sees a Gallo-Roman place name Faciniacum , derived from the name of the water , for the formation of the Germanic (" ubic ") form of the surname , which is not documented. From this place name - with the intermediate link of a Gallo-Roman matron name Faciniciae - the traditional Germanic form of Fachineihiae was ultimately formed.

See also

literature

  • Frank Biller: Cultic centers and matron worship in the southern Germania inferior. Publishing house Marie Leidorf, Rahden / Westf. 2010, ISBN 978-3-89646-734-8 .
  • Siegfried Gutenbrunner : The Germanic god names of the ancient inscriptions. Max Niemeyer, Halle / S. 1936, pp. 10, 167, 186.
  • Günter Neumann : The Germanic matron names . In: Matronen und related deities (= supplements to the Bonner Jahrbücher 44). Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne / Habelt, Bonn 1987, ISBN 3-7927-0934-1 , pp. 103-132 = Astrid van Nahl, Heiko Hettrich (eds.): Günter Neumann: Name studies on Old Germanic (= supplementary volumes to the Reallexikon der Germanischen Antiquity, Vol. 59). de Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-11-020100-0 , pp. 253-289; here 229, 261 ( fee-based Germanic antiquity online at de Gruyter ).
  • Hermann Reichert : Lexicon of Old Germanic Names , Volume I, Part 1: Text Volume. (= Thesaurus Palaeogermanicus . 1,1). With the collaboration of Wilibald Kraml. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1987, ISBN 3-7001-0931-8 .
  • Rudolf Simek : Lexicon of Germanic Mythology (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 368). 3rd, completely revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-520-36803-X , pp. 95, 309.
  • Theo Vennemann : The Central European place names and matron names with f, þ, h and the late phase of Indo-Germania. In: Georges Dunkel (Ed. Et al.): Early, Middle, and Late Indo-European. Reichert, Wiesbaden 1994, ISBN 3-88226-735-6 , pp. 403-426; here 407 f.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ The inscription stone of the third grave: CIL 13, 7831
  2. ↑ CIL 13, 7829
  3. ↑ CIL 13, 7830
  4. ^ The inscription fragments of M. Fachinehae first published by Frank Biller, 2010 pp. 190–192.
  5. ^ Christoph B. Rüger : Inscription finds from 1975–1979 from the Rhineland. In: Epigraphische Studien 12 (1981), pp. 287-307; here 288f.
  6. ^ AE 1977, 563
  7. ↑ Norbert Wagner : Chvaiionius and Chamarus. In: Historische Sprachforschung 102 (1989), pp. 216-219.
  8. ^ Manfred Clauss : New inscriptions in the Rhenish State Museum in Bonn. In: Epigraphische Studien 11 (1976), pp. 3, 13f.
  9. ↑ CIL 13, 7970
  10. ↑ CIL 13, 8572
  11. ↑ Rudolf Simek: Religion and Mythology of the Teutons. WBG, Darmstadt 2003, ISBN 3-534-16910-7 , p. 123.
  12. ↑ Piergiuseppe Scardigli: Language in the vicinity of matron inscriptions. In: Heinrich Beck (Hrsg.): Germanic residual and debris languages (= Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde - supplementary volumes; 3). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1989, ISBN 3-11-011948-X , pp. 143-156; here 151.
  13. ↑ Critically negative to Scardigli's general approach Jürgen Untermann ibid p. 232.
  14. ^ Albrecht Greule : German water names book. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-019039-7 , pp. 141f.