Zingsheim

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Zingsheim
Municipality Nettersheim
Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 31 ″  N , 6 ° 39 ′ 26 ″  E
Height : 546 m above sea level NHN
Area : 11.21 km²
Residents : 848  (June 30, 2017)
Population density : 76 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st July 1969
Postal code : 53947
Area code : 02486
map
Zingsheim in the municipality of Nettersheim

Zingsheim in the Eifel is a district of the municipality of Nettersheim in the North Rhine-Westphalian district of Euskirchen and the seat of the municipal administration: the town hall and the construction yard of the municipality are located in the village. Zingsheim has 848 inhabitants.

geography

Rummerschlegel rock formation

location

Zingsheim lies in the northern Eifel region in the German - Belgian High Fens-Eifel , about 2.7 kilometers ( straight line ) northeast of Nettersheim.

To the east of the village lies the Zingsheimer Wald and to the south rises Der Mürel ( 577.7  m ). The Kolvenbach, which belongs to the catchment area of ​​the Eschweiler Bach, rises on the edge of the village .

geology

The northwest of the district is part of the Sötenicher Kalkmulde . This is where the geologically interesting Rummerschlegel rock group , consisting of dolomite rock , is located .

history

History of the place

prehistory

Probably in the Stone Age at the rock formation Rummerschlegel (50 ° 30'56 "N; 6 ° 37'42" E) in the Zingsheim area, hunters of the Ahrensburg culture also hunted from the Kartstein caves 4 km away , where they briefly hunted stopped, operated on. They hunted reindeer, which presumably passed on their annual hikes near the Kartstein cave and then past Rummerschlegel . In Rummerschlegel , a microlite and bone fragments were discovered by Löhr in 1972 , which suggests the presence of the hunters in the Stone Age.

The oldest known traces of settlement in the Zingsheim district come from the older Iron Age (approx. 750–450 BC). There are over 60 burial mounds from this time on the north-western edge of the district.

Roman time

Gallo-Roman temple in the hallway "Vor Hirschberg"

In Roman times, the northern Eifel became part of the Roman province of Germania Inferior . The matron sanctuary in the corridor "Vor Hirschberg" (50 ° 30'9 "N; 6 ° 39'7" E) , a Gallo-Roman temple that was probably dedicated to the Matronae Fachinehae and the Found after being used in the period from the 2nd to the 4th century AD. Its reconstructed foundation walls can be viewed today. The temple is only part of a not yet fully explored sanctuary.

Already the Mechernich mining official CA Eick mentions in his book of 1867 about the Eifel aqueduct five stones with inscriptions found in 1845 west of the place, which were probably matron stones. First reports of finds of matron stones to the Matronae Fachinehae are from the year 1895: In 1894 two matron inscription stones were found on the Franconian burial ground “at the mulberry tree” (area “Gleisiger Stern”), which were used to build the stone slab graves. The inscriptions on the stones indicate that they were consecrated by Flavius ​​Communis and Crispinius. Further finds were made here during the land consolidation at the end of the 1950s. Also in 1976, during archaeological investigations of the burial ground in the corridor "Gleisiger Heck" three consecration stones were discovered again for the Matronae Fachinehae. These consecration stones presumably come from the matron sanctuary in the corridor “Vor Hirschberg” and were used again to build the plate graves. According to the inscriptions, the founders of these stones were Lucius Chuaciionius Primus and Lucius Celeris. A copy of his stone is today on the Gallo-Roman temple.

The Zingsheim district extends in the north-west to the Roman road Trier – Cologne , which has been preserved as a dirt road today and which leads from the Urft valley to state road 206 . This Roman trunk road was probably crossed by the Roman road Marmagen-Wesseling on this section of the route . It is still on the Tranchot map , which was recorded in the area of ​​today's Zingsheim district around 1809, as "König Strasse", which led from Weyer to Urft . This section of Römerstraße is only preserved up to Landesstraße 206 under the name "Kreuzweg" (50 ° 31'26 "N; 6 ° 37'4" E) , it still ends in Weyer and now opens up three deportation yards.

Another well-known Roman road in the Zingsheim district is a road that has been preserved as a dirt road today and led from Zingsheim to Harzheim . However, their route is cut today by the motorway.

Francs

The settlement of the Eifel by the Franks took place after their victory at the latest on the Alemanni in the Battle of Zülpich at the end of the 5th century. So far, no early medieval settlement remains in the Euskirchen district have been identified. One of the reasons for this is that Franconian homesteads were built out of wood.

CA Eick already reports in his book about Franconian graves in the Zingsheim district:

"Germanic graves have been found in large numbers in the vicinity of Zingsheim, but specifically in the 'Mannenberge' north of the place."

The most important of the Franconian burial grounds in the district is what has already been mentioned above in the “Gleisiger Heck” corridor. It was archaeologically examined in 1976.

Middle Ages and Modern Times up to the French Revolution

The place is mentioned for the first time in 893 as "cinesheym" in the property register of the Prüm Abbey . This was the occasion for the 1100th anniversary of the place in 1993. In the Middle Ages and modern times until the occupation by the French in 1794, the ownership structure in Zingsheim was also determined by the manor. Zingsheim belonged to the archbishopric of Cologne since the 13th century . But not all goods or farms and areas were subordinate to the archbishop. In 1670 there were 39 houses in Zingsheim, according to early statistics.

In Zingsheim, which belongs to the Hardt district in the archbishopric of Cologne , from 1378 to 1797 there was an archbishop Friedrich III. Aldermen established by Saar Werden. The law that was valid for Zingsheim was regulated in the lay judiciary , of which the wisdom of 1622 is the best known.

At the eastern edge of the district, the ruin of the Rundenhof is entered on the tranchot map . Today it is no longer known for certain of the desolation of the "Rundenhof" settlement, why it was abandoned. It is located east of the upper Wespelbach. The settlement is mentioned as early as 1622.

In the northwest of the district there was an Antonius chapel at the intersection of the Way of the Cross with the country road 206 from Zingsheim to Keldenich . Their ruin is still on the Tranchot card with the name “Tonus Hausken Cap. Ruinée "registered. The way of the cross at the chapel comes from Weyer and also played a role in some legends from the places Zingsheim and Engelgau .

The modern era brought a number of devastating wars, including the Cologne War , which began in 1583 , the Thirty Years' War , the French Wars of Predatory , the Spanish and Austrian Wars of Succession . For example, the Dutch, who had already devastated the Steinfeld monastery, also looted Zingsheim in 1592. There were battles south of Zingsheim in 1647 in the Thirty Years' War and in 1700, as already shown in the Tranchot map. In 1691 French troops looted the place and suppressed the population, the army camp destroyed the crops. In addition, the Zingsheim pastor Matthias Pfleumer (1700–1712) reports from the time of the War of the Spanish Succession that French, English, Dutch and imperial troops also passed through Zingsheim. The worst consequence of this war for the localities of the parish was a famine, which in 1705 caused mainly the English by looting and destroying the crops in Engelgau and Zingsheim and which also claimed deaths among the population.

Pastor Pfleumer also tried to educate young people in Zingsheim: In May 1706, for example, he took action against excesses among young people at the May Day celebrations; the bailiff responsible for Zingsheim von der Hardt (Archbishopric Cologne) also imposed fines here.

In 1762 the bailiff of the Archbishop of Kurköln gave a Georg Rosenbaum permission to build a water-powered grinding mill, which was located at a point where the road from Zingsheim to Pesch now passes. It is shown on the tranchot card under the name "Oggerpützer Mühl". The mill was in operation until 1938, when it was demolished in 1965.

19th century

During the French occupation of the Rhineland after 1794, Zingsheim belonged to Mairie Weyer and the canton of Gemünd. Zingsheim was in the Arrondissement d'Aix-la-Chapelle ( German: Aachen ) in the Rur department .

Following the acquisition of the Rhine provinces by Prussia Zingsheim was in 1816 in the mayoralty Weyer in county Gemünd (after 1829 Circle Schleiden ) in the newly formed administrative district of Aachen incorporated. In 1820 Zingsheim had 430 inhabitants.

Contemporary history

Some ground monuments in the district also date from the time of National Socialism: For example, on the Willenberg (50 ° 30'48 "N; 6 ° 38'29" E) and the Ottenberg, remains of bunkers and flak positions ( Westwall , West Air Defense Zone ) can be visited. On the Ottenberg (50 ° 31'30 "N; 6 ° 39'58" E) there are well-preserved remains of a flak position with five F-stands, five gun beds and a device position. The individual remains of the structures of the flak position are also shown in the German base map on a scale of 1: 5000 (DGK 5). The bunkers on the Ottenberg were blown up in July 1946. On March 7, 1945, two months before the end of World War II in Europe, Zingsheim was occupied by American troops.

On July 1, 1969, Zingsheim was incorporated into Nettersheim.

Parish church

Parish Church of St. Peter, view from the northeast
Parish church, rectory and village well

Zingsheim has a Catholic parish church that is consecrated to St. Peter the Apostle .

Originally the church was a three-aisled Romanesque basilica and had a smaller west tower and a main choir, which is now replaced by the choir from 1717, which is adjacent to the central nave in the east . A Nicholas altar was located in the north aisle, which is why it was called the "toilet chamber". In front of today's west tower from 1602 is a small vestibule, which was built after Wackenroder in 1730. However, based on the records of the then Zingsheim pastor Matthias Pfleumer about a reconstruction of the church in 1711, Reinartz suspects that the small vestibule was already being built at this time, the south aisle was demolished and the entrance to the church was placed on the west side of the tower.

In 1965 the church in the south was enlarged according to plans by Georg Lünenborg by an extension building with 185 seats, which essentially consists of a new nave facing south. The parish church has had three newly cast bronze bells since 1959.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

In the south of Zingsheim there is an industrial park with an area of ​​45 hectares, in which companies with low-emission production are located, and to the south-west there is the Hirschberg estate.

The north-west of the district is mainly used as arable land and grassland. There are 11 resettlement yards here. The Zingsheimer Wald extends east of the motorway. There are also many areas south of the village that are covered with forest.

traffic

Zingsheimer Wald valley bridge

The state road 115 leads through Zingsheim, which the state roads 205 and 206 meet at a roundabout to the north of Zingsheim : The L 205 running to the southwest overcomes the Urft in the Nettersheim district with a viaduct , serves as a bypass road for the village of Nettersheim and finally ends in Marmagen , and the L 206 leads northwest to Keldenich and northeast to Pesch . Via junction  113 Nettersheim , the place is connected to the federal motorway 1 , which runs over the 820 m long Zingsheimer Wald viaduct .

The connection to the Eifel line (for example: Cologne-Trier) is given by the Nettersheim train station, three kilometers away. There are bus connections every hour to Bad Münstereifel and Nettersheim, but also to Kall and Schleiden and twice to Adenau on school days.

Sons and daughters of the place

  • Ludwig Blum (1814–1873), pastor, civil servant and politician

literature

  • CA Eick : The Roman aqueduct from the Eifel to Cologne with regard to the Roman settlements, fortifications and military roads that were initially located. A contribution to antiquity in the Rhineland. With a card. Max Cohen & Sohn, Bonn 1867, p. 23 f .
  • Jacob Grimm (Ed.): Weisthümer. Second part. Co-edited by Ernst Dronke and Heinrich Beyer . Göttingen 1840, pp. 681-684.
  • Heinz Günter Horn : Nettersheim-Zingsheim: Gallo-Roman temple. In: Heinz Günter Horn (Ed.): The Romans in North Rhine-Westphalia . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8062-0312-1 , p. 579 f.
  • Heinz Günter Horn: The matron shrine near Zingsheim. In: Northeastern Eifel foreland - Euskirchen, Zülpich, Bad Münstereifel, Blankenheim. Part II: Excursions (= Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz et al. [Hrsg.]: Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments. Volume 26). Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein 1974, p. 86 ff.
  • Ursula Ibler, Ruth Plum, Imke Ristow: Archeology in Nettersheim. Eifel nature conservation center. Guide through the archaeological exhibition in the Eifel nature conservation center and presentation of the archaeological monuments. Publisher: Nettersheim community. 1998, p. 12 f and p. 44 ff.
  • Walter Janssen : Studies on the desert issue in the Franconian old settlements between the Rhine, Moselle and the north edge of the Eifel. Part II: Catalog (= Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn and Association of Friends of Antiquity in the Rhineland [Hrsg.]: Supplements to the Bonner Jahrbücher. Volume 35, Part II). Rheinland-Verlag u. a., Cologne 1975, p. 87 f.
  • Hans-Eckart Joachim , Wighart v. Koenigswald , Wilhelm Meyer : Kartstein and Katzensteine ​​near Mechernich in the Eifel (= Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Landschaftsschutz [Hrsg.]: Rheinische Kunststätten, No. 435). 1st edition 1998. Druck und Kommissions-Verlag: Neusser Druckerei und Verlag GmbH, Neuss, ISBN 3-88094-839-9 , p. 22.
  • Antonius Juergens, Marianne Juergens: Prehistory and early history. Stone Ages - Metal Ages - Romans - Franconia. In: Eifelverein (Ed.): Nettersheim community with the towns of Bouderath, Buir, Engelgau, Frohngau, Holzmülheim, Marmagen, Nettersheim, Pesch, Roderath, Tondorf, Zingsheim. History, geology, flora and fauna, economy, legends, sights, hiking suggestions (= series of publications: "The beautiful Eifel". Nettersheim edition). 1st edition. 1984, ISSN  0342-5819 .
  • Jak. Katzfey: History of the city of Münstereifel and the neighboring villages. Second part. Cologne 1855, pp. 243-249.
  • GU Knackstedt: Neanderthals, Romans, Franks. Settlement history of the district of Euskirchen based on archaeological finds. 1991.
  • Brigitte Krause: 1100 years of Zingsheim. 893-1993. Zingsheim, undated
  • Sophie Lange: It's haunted here. Legends and old village stories from the eleven places in the municipality of Nettersheim. Collected and edited by Sophie Lange. Nettersheim 2000. p. 131 ff.
  • Sophie Lange: Where goddesses protected the land. Matrones and their places of worship between the Eifel and the Rhine. 2nd edition 1995. Fuldaer Verlagsanstalt. ISBN 3-9802165-4-3 . P. 149 ff.
  • Nikolaus Reinartz : Matthias Pfleumer in Zingsheim, in reformist Eifel pastor (1700–1712) (= Heinrich Schiffers (Hrsg.): Publications of the Episcopal Diocesan Archives Aachen. Volume 14). Aachen 1952.
  • Hans Peter Schiffer: Churches and chapels in the parish of Nettersheim. History, design, equipment. Kall 2004, p. 149 ff.
  • Ernst Wackenroder : The art monuments of the Schleiden district (= Paul Clemen [Hrsg.]: The art monuments of the Rhine Province , Volume 11, Section II). Verlag von L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1932, p. 466 ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The most important points in brief. Nettersheim, June 30, 2017, accessed September 25, 2017 .
  2. ↑ On this section cf. Hans-Eckart Joachim, Wighart v. Koenigswald, Wilhelm Meyer: Kartstein and Katzensteine ​​near Mechernich in the Eifel. 1998. p. 22.
  3. ↑ H.-J. Mießeler, E. Nieveler, U. Ibler: The prehistoric and early historical settlement in the Zingsheim district. In: Brigitte Krause: 1100 years of Zingsheim. 893-1993. P. 16.
  4. ^ Heinz Günter Horn: Nettersheim-Zingsheim: Gallo-Roman temple. In: Heinz Günter Horn (Ed.): The Romans in North Rhine-Westphalia. 1987. pp. 579 f.
  5. ^ A b Heinz Günter Horn: Nettersheim-Zingsheim: Gallo-Roman temple. In: Heinz Günter Horn (Ed.): The Romans in North Rhine-Westphalia. 1987. p. 580.
  6. ^ CA Eick: The Roman aqueduct from the Eifel to Cologne with regard to the Roman settlements, fortifications and military roads that were initially located. A contribution to antiquity in the Rhineland. 1867. p. 23.
  7. ^ Sophie Lange: Where goddesses protected the land. Matrones and their places of worship between the Eifel and the Rhine. P. 150.
  8. ↑ Josef Klein: Matronensteine ​​from Zingsheim. In: Bonner Jahrbücher 96/97 (1895), pp. 156–159.
  9. ^ Hans Lehner : The ancient stone monuments of the Provincial Museum in Bonn. Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1918, No. 327-328, p. 149 f.
  10. ^ Antonius Juergens and Marianne Juergens: Prehistory and early history. Stone Ages, Metal Ages, Romans, Franks. In: Eifelverein (Ed.): Nettersheim community with the towns of Bouderath, Buir, Engelgau, Frohngau, Holzmülheim, Marmagen, Nettersheim, Pesch, Roderath, Tondorf, Zingsheim. 1984. p. 73.
  11. ^ Antonius Juergens and Marianne Juergens: Prehistory and early history. Stone Ages, Metal Ages, Romans, Franks. In: Eifelverein (Ed.): Nettersheim community with the towns of Bouderath, Buir, Engelgau, Frohngau, Holzmülheim, Marmagen, Nettersheim, Pesch, Roderath, Tondorf, Zingsheim. 1984. pp. 50 and 74.
  12. ^ Antonius Juergens and Marianne Juergens: Prehistory and early history. Stone Ages, Metal Ages, Romans, Franks. In: Eifelverein (Ed.): Nettersheim community with the towns of Bouderath, Buir, Engelgau, Frohngau, Holzmülheim, Marmagen, Nettersheim, Pesch, Roderath, Tondorf, Zingsheim. 1984. p. 50.
  13. ^ Antonius Juergens and Marianne Juergens: Prehistory and early history. Stone Ages, Metal Ages, Romans, Franks. In: Eifelverein (Ed.): Nettersheim community with the towns of Bouderath, Buir, Engelgau, Frohngau, Holzmülheim, Marmagen, Nettersheim, Pesch, Roderath, Tondorf, Zingsheim. 1984. pp. 50 f.
  14. ^ Sophie Lange: Where goddesses protected the land. Matrones and their places of worship between the Eifel and the Rhine. P. 152.
  15. ↑ Heinz Günter Horn: Out and about with the Romans: Agrippastraße. From Cologne to Dahlem in 4 stages. JP Bachem Verlag , Cologne 2014, ISBN 978-3-7616-2782-2 , p. 156.
  16. ↑ Joseph Hagen: Römerstraßen der Rheinprovinz (=  explanations of the historical atlas of the Rhine province . Volume 8 ). 2nd Edition. Kurt Schroeder Verlag, Bonn 1931, p. 148 .
  17. ↑ Heinz Günter Horn: Out and about with the Romans: Agrippastraße. From Cologne to Dahlem in 4 stages. JP Bachem Verlag , Cologne 2014, ISBN 978-3-7616-2782-2 , p. 155.
  18. ↑ Joseph Hagen: Römerstraßen der Rheinprovinz (=  explanations of the historical atlas of the Rhine province . Volume 8 ). 2nd Edition. Kurt Schroeder Verlag, Bonn 1931, p. 169 f .
  19. ↑ GU Knackstedt: Neanderthals, Römer, Franconia. Settlement history of the district of Euskirchen based on archaeological finds. 1991. p. 82.
  20. ↑ Ursula Ibler, Ruth Plum, Imke Ristow: Archeology in Nettersheim. 1998, p. 36.
  21. ^ CA Eick: The Roman aqueduct from the Eifel to Cologne with regard to the Roman settlements, fortifications and military roads that were initially located. A contribution to antiquity in the Rhineland. 1867. p. 24.
  22. ^ Antonius Juergens and Marianne Juergens: Prehistory and early history. Stone Ages, Metal Ages, Romans, Franks. In: Eifelverein (Ed.): Nettersheim community with the towns of Bouderath, Buir, Engelgau, Frohngau, Holzmülheim, Marmagen, Nettersheim, Pesch, Roderath, Tondorf, Zingsheim. 1984. p. 73 ff.
  23. ↑ Ursula Ibler, Ruth Plum, Imke Ristow: Archeology in Nettersheim. 1998. p. 44 ff.
  24. ↑ GU Knackstedt: Neanderthals, Römer, Franconia. Settlement history of the district of Euskirchen based on archaeological finds. 1991. p. 86.
  25. ^ Heinrich Beyer : Document book for the history of the Middle Rhine territories, now the Prussian administrative districts of Coblenz and Trier. Edited from the sources by Heinrich Beyer. First volume: From the oldest times up to the year 1169. Hölscher, Coblenz 1860, p. 177 .
  26. ^ Brigitte Krause: 1100 years of Zingsheim. 893-1993. P. 34.
  27. ^ Brigitte Krause: 1100 years of Zingsheim. 893-1993. P. 40.
  28. ^ Brigitte Krause: 1100 years of Zingsheim. 893-1993. P. 44.
  29. ^ Johann Friedrich Schannat and Georg Bärsch: Eiflia illustrata or geographical and historical description of the Eifel. The first section of the third volume, first section. Verlag by Jakob Anton Mayer, Aachen and Leipzig 1852, p. 272.
  30. ↑ Jacob Grimm (Ed.): Weisthümer. Second part. Co-edited by Ernst Dronke and Heinrich Beyer. Göttingen 1840, pp. 681-684.
  31. ↑ cf. Brigitte Krause: 1100 years of Zingsheim. 893-1993. P. 182.
  32. ^ Walter Janssen: Studies on the desert question in the Franconian old settlements between the Rhine, Moselle and Eifelnordrand. Part II: Catalog. 1975, p. 88
  33. ↑ Jacob Grimm (Ed.): Weisthümer. Second part. Co-edited by Ernst Dronke and Heinrich Beyer. Göttingen 1840, p. 682.
  34. ^ Walter Janssen: Studies on the desert question in the Franconian old settlements between the Rhine, Moselle and Eifelnordrand. Part II: Catalog. 1975, p. 87
  35. ↑ Sophie Lange: It's haunted here. Legends and old village stories from the eleven places in the municipality of Nettersheim. 2000. pp. 15f, 133.
  36. ↑ Jak. Katzfey: History of the city of Münstereifel and the neighboring villages. Second part. P. 223.
  37. ^ Johann Friedrich Schannat and Georg Bärsch: Eiflia illustrata or geographical and historical description of the Eifel. The first section of the third volume, first section. Verlag by Jakob Anton Mayer, Aachen and Leipzig 1852, p. 149.
  38. ↑ Jak. Katzfey: History of the city of Münstereifel and the neighboring villages. Second part. P. 244 f.
  39. ^ A b Nikolaus Reinartz: Matthias Pfleumer in Zingsheim, a reformist Eifel pastor (1700–1712). 1952, p. 35 f.
  40. ^ Nikolaus Reinartz: Matthias Pfleumer in Zingsheim, a reformist Eifel pastor (1700–1712). 1952, p. 20 f.
  41. ^ A b Brigitte Krause: 1100 years of Zingsheim. 893-1993. P. 179.
  42. ^ Johann Friedrich Schannat and Georg Bärsch: Eiflia illustrata or geographical and historical description of the Eifel. The first section of the third volume, first section. Verlag by Jakob Anton Mayer, Aachen and Leipzig 1852, p. 148.
  43. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Aachen. Aachen 1820.
  44. ^ H.-Dieter Arntz : End of the war in 1944/45 in the old district of Schleiden. 1st edition. Kümpel Verlag, Euskirchen 1995, ISBN 3-9802996-6-X , p. 227.
  45. ^ H.-Dieter Arntz: End of the war in 1944/45 in the old district of Schleiden. 1st edition. Kümpel Verlag, Euskirchen 1995, p. 224.
  46. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 101 .
  47. ↑ Ernst Wackenroder: The art monuments of the Schleiden district. 1932, p. 467 ff.
  48. ↑ Hans Peter Schiffer: Churches and chapels in the community of Nettersheim. 2004, p. 151.
  49. ↑ Ernst Wackenroder: The art monuments of the Schleiden district. 1932. p. 467 f.
  50. ^ Nikolaus Reinartz: Matthias Pfleumer in Zingsheim, in a reformist Eifel pastor (1700–1712). 1952, p. 26 f.
  51. ↑ Hans Peter Schiffer: Churches and chapels in the community of Nettersheim. 2004, p. 153.
  52. ↑ Hans Peter Schiffer: Churches and chapels in the community of Nettersheim. 2004, p. 157.

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