Marmagen
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Marmagen
Municipality Nettersheim
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| Height : | 540–600 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 17.62 km² |
| Residents : | 1582 (June 30, 2016) |
| Population density : | 90 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st July 1969 |
| Postal code : | 53947 |
| Area code : | 02486 |
 Marmagen in the municipality of Nettersheim
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 Marmagen - former Kirchgasse from the east
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Marmagen is a craft village in the Eifel with around 1600 inhabitants. The formerly independent mayor's office has been part of the municipality of Nettersheim in the Euskirchen district since 1969 . Marmagen is considered to be the oldest place in the former Schleiden district and is traced back to the Roman vicus Marcomagus on the Roman road Trier – Cologne , which is already mentioned in Roman road maps from the 2nd to 4th centuries. After a 700-year history as a monastery village owned by the nearby Steinfeld Premonstratensian Abbey , a distinctive craft culture in the construction sector developed in Marmagen since the beginning of the 19th century. Today, Marmagen sees itself as a nature experience village in the municipality of Nettersheim and has become known nationwide as the location of the Eifelhöhenklinik AG Marmagen . The clinic was closed in February 2020 after bankruptcy and on July 1, 2020 it was leased by the Euskirchen district for one year as a relief for other hospitals in the district as part of the COVID-19 pandemic .
geography
location
Marmagen is located in the German-Belgian nature park Hohes Venn-Eifel. The Marmagen district is enclosed in the east by the Urft valley , in the south by the federal highway 258 ( Blankenheim - Schleiden ) and in the west by the valleys of the Marmagener Bach and Gillesbach . In the north it borders on the district of Nettersheim along Kreisstraße 59 . With its extensive forest stands (area share 65%) it takes up a large part of the so-called Marmagen-Nettersheimer plateau (540 to 600 m above sea level ).
The hamlet of Bahrhaus also belongs to the district of Marmagen .
The district of Marmagen is shown cartographically on the topographic map TK 25 sheet 5505 Blankenheim published by the Land Survey Office of North Rhine-Westphalia .
Geology, vegetation
Geologically, the Marmagen district is reached in the northwest from the southwestern foothills of the Sötenicher limestone basin . The wooded larger part of the district form Klerfer layers of the Middle Devonian with sandstone - conglomerate and shale . The geological structure of the Marmagen district is accessible via a geological hiking trail.
A well-known landscape protection area is the Gillesbach valley northwest of Marmagen. Here on the foothills of the Sötenicher Kalkmulde there are large-scale, intact and species-rich limestone grasslands with a large number of species and individuals of insects and other arthropods . The protected area is characterized by an extraordinary wealth of endangered plant species. Numerous types of orchids bloom in May / June. There are also mass occurrences of pasque flower here - the largest in the Eifel - of German gentian and of great Händelwurz .
The Marmagener Bach Valley, located to the west of the village, contains two wetlands, the Hermann-Löns-Teich and the Marmagener Mühlenteich. In the steep eastern slope of the Mertesberg there is the Fuchshöhle , a 6 m deep earth tunnel in dolomite limestone, which connects two underground chambers. The cave was created in the 18th century during test excavations for a suspected silver ore deposit.
In addition to the spruce cultures that were settled in the 19th century, the Marmagen forest stands also contain various, sometimes rare, beech forest types, including pearl grass , wild garlic , tooth root and blue grass beech forest. The historically typical Eifel oak stocks are also being systematically increased again.
climate
Marmagen has been a state-approved, climatic health resort since 1993. Due to the location between 450 and 590 m above sea level. NHN , the place has a mild climate in the summer months, which can change into a mild climate in the winter months in individual years. The differences in altitude between the valleys and the hilly plateaus result in a wide range of climatic conditions that guests and residents can use as an important recreational factor. Since negative factors, such as humidity or fog, only rarely occur, and because of the abundance of forests, the low volume of traffic and the lack of high-mission businesses, the air quality conditions in and around Marmagen are good.
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Average climate data 1971–2008 for Marmagen (Sistig weather station 505 m)
Source: Karl Josef Linden http://www.eifelwetter.de/
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history
Celts and Romans (prehistory)
Marmagen is of Celtic origin in name . The Celtogallic ending “magus”, which can be found several times in the Rhineland (e.g. Recomagus = Remagen, Durnomagus = Dormagen), is interpreted as “place, spots” and the name “Marcomagus” is translated as “Grenzort” because this place is was in the border area of the tribal areas of Treveri and Eburones. Other interpretations translate the name as "Roßfeld".
In terms of settlement history, Marmagen is traced back to Marcomagus and marcomago vicus, a vicus on the Roman trunk road from Trier to Cologne . This Roman road station played an important role in the province of Germania Inferior . It is recorded both in the Itinerarium Antonini , the Roman directory of the Emperor Caracalla (198-217), which was revised in the 3rd century, and on the Tabula Peutingeriana , a Roman world map found in the 16th century showing the Roman road network of the 1st to 4th century. It is unclear where exactly the corresponding Roman vicus is to be located among the numerous Roman sites on the Nettersheim-Marmagen plateau. In 1957, a Roman cremation grave with ceramic additions from the 2nd century was discovered in the locality of Marmagen . There are numerous finds of old streets, but their chronological order is indefinite. Since there are no traces of typical Roman settlement in Marmagen, a settlement shift after the Roman era is assumed, as has been proven elsewhere as a "Franconian settlement shift".
Life under the crook (10th-18th centuries)
Marmagen's history from its medieval beginnings to secularization is closely linked to the former Premonstratensian Abbey of Steinfeld Monastery, which is only three kilometers away . In a continuous process over centuries, the abbot von Steinfeld acquired all secular and ecclesiastical rights in Marmagen and the monastery village of Marmagen developed into the most important source of income for the abbey. Against this background, the local and church history of Marmagen up to the end of the 18th century are inextricably linked.
The Knights of Marmagen
The first medieval references to marmages can be found in the 11th century. From a Pope document from Alexander II. From 1069 it can be seen that Marmagen belonged to a "Gut Steinfeld in the Archdiocese of Cologne", a forerunner of the later Steinfeld Monastery, which at that time belonged to Bishop Udo of Toul (France) the House of Limburg. The Latin text is Steinveld ex integro cum banno, quod est in episcopatu coloniensis . The annual yield of this Alodium was given as 50 pounds of silver, an enormous order of magnitude, which suggests that large parts of today's southern district of Euskirchen around Steinfeld must have belonged to this property.
As part of this estate, Marmagen came to the Counts of Aare in the 12th century and Dietrich von Aare furnished the Steinfeld Monastery, which he had newly founded, with this property in 1121 . From the 12th century onwards, Marmagen belonged to the "Herrschaft Steinfeld" in the Archdiocese of Cologne and was administered by the Electoral Cologne Office of Hardt on the Hardtburg near Bad Münstereifel .
The oldest medieval mention of Marmagen can be found in a document from the Archbishop of Cologne, Philipp von Heinsberg, from the year 1187. He confirmed that Steinfeld Monastery owned a manor with twelve men in Marmagen.
In 1255, the Archbishop of Cologne forbade his Drosten in the Hardt office to collect taxes from the people of the Steinfeld Abbey "who live near Marmagen", as these should belong to the monastery alone.
At the same time lords of Marmagen appeared in documents from Cologne archbishops. Theodoricus von Marmagen (1267), Marselius von Marmagen (1270), Hermann von Marmagen (1283) and Gerhard von Marmagen (1282) are known. They had memories read for their deceased wives in Steinfeld Monastery, as a necrology from the 13th century shows. Arnold von Marmagen became known as an assistant to the Archbishop of Cologne in the criminal court of Zievel Castle (Mechernich) in 1354. A fortified farmstead, known as the "Old Castle", has been preserved from this time.
The close ties to the growing Steinfeld Abbey, which knew how to enforce its interests in Marmagen with the support of the Archbishop of Cologne against both the Count of Jülich and the Lords of Manderscheid, prevented the von Marmagen family from developing independently. The last known knight is Iwan von Marmagen, who appeared as a witness in 1401 in a legal dispute between the Cologne cathedral chapter and the abbot von Steinfeld.
Since 1315, the abbot of Steinfeld exercised jurisdiction over the "glory of Marmagen". In 1356 there was a legal dispute between the Duke of Jülich and the Archbishop of Cologne over a gallows erected in Marmagen . The “wisdom of the lay judges of Marmagen” dates back to 1401 and was read annually on the day of judgment of the abbot in Marmagen. As the list of house righteousness of Abbot Michael Kuell from 1718 shows, the abbey came into the possession of almost all houses and farms in Marmagen by the end of the Old Kingdom. The few goods that previously belonged to the Counts of Blankenheim or the Lords of Wildenburg , Steinfeld had meanwhile acquired.
The Marmagener Kirchengift
While secular jurisdiction came to the abbot von Steinfeld early on, the Marmagener church gift, the property of the parish and the parish church, was in the hands of the Counts of Jülich, who gave the Marmagener prebende as an inheritance to their vassals .
As early as 1308, in the " Liber valoris ", a tax register of the Archbishop of Cologne, Heinrich II. Von Virneburg, a parish pledge for Marmagen is attested. The appraisal of the income of the pastor of Marmagen given there can no longer be deciphered. However, it proves that it was already a real parish church . Around 1400 this consisted of 15 acres of arable and pasture land, which the beneficiary owner, as pastor, could give to farmers for cultivation, who had to give him the "tithe" portion of their income annually to St. Martin. In return, the pastor undertook to keep the church in good structural condition and to pay a pleban if he did not exercise his office on site. The special thing about the Marmagener Kirchengift was that the owner also had the right to present the pastor, that is, whoever owned the church poison could determine the pastor.
In the "Jülischen Lehnsrepertorium" of 1749 these legal processes around the Marmagener church poison since 1402 are recorded. According to this, the oldest known feudal deed dates from 1402. With her, a woman, Adelheid von Bergh (Berg before Nideggen / Eifel), became the owner of the Marmagen parish. In 1432, the Marmagener Kirchengift was exchanged for the Lords of Mirbach , who resided in Münstereifel as Jülische officials . They were enfeoffed with this prebend by the Duke of Jülich until the late 18th century . Due to family disputes in the Mirbach house, the property largely deteriorated and the “common neighbors” from Marmagen complained in 1584 that “no real pastor had his seat in the village for over a hundred years”. The devastation of the Thirty Years' War finally ruined the ecclesiastical property to such an extent that no one applied for the feudal property.
In the 16th century, the Steinfeld Abbey began to have its own priests take care of pastoral care in Marmagen in place of the absent Mirbach pastors and secured this contractually with the pastors. In 1662 the abbot acquired the right of presentation for the pastor of Marmagen through a pawn loan agreement with Werner Freiherr von Pützfeld zu Pützfeld . Pützfeld was the guardian of an underage Mirbach heir. As such, he pledged the Marmagen church gift in his possession, together with the Mirbacher Hof in Nettersheim / Eifel, to the Steinfeld abbot for 2,700 Reichstaler . With this, the right of presentation passed to the Steinfeld Abbey and the abbot could now appoint the pastor of Marmagen and transfer the income from the Marmagen church to the monastery. This led to an almost hundred-year-old trial between the Lords of Mirbach and the Abbot of Steinfeld before the Reich Chamber of Commerce , as the Duke of Jülich continued to give the Marmagen prebend to Mirbach heirs.
At the end of the 17th century, the abbot von Steinfeld was both secular and ecclesiastical judge of Marmagen. The importance of the parish of Marmagen can be seen from the fact that high-ranking officials of the Steinfeld convent - mostly priors or cellars - were appointed as pastors. (see main article St. Laurentius (Marmagen) )
Economy and culture in the monastery village
The "monastery village of Marmagen" had 400 inhabitants at the beginning of the 18th century. The Kuell directory from 1718 names 82 house righteousnesses and 9 manors that are owned by the Steinfeld Abbey. In the “Status animarum” from 1783, a list of souls compiled on the occasion of the archbishop's visitation, 90 houses with 463 Christians are named.
Agriculture and forestry were operated for self-sufficiency on manorial land. As early as 1523, the abbot of Steinfeld successfully defended his sole right to graze in the Marmagen corridors against the residents of Marmagen, who were no longer allowed to graze the previously communal meadows without paying taxes to the monastery.
The people of Marmagen have been mining iron ore in open-cast mining since Roman times. Later this became the main source of income alongside agriculture. They carted the red iron stone mined in so-called pingen to the hammer mills of the Steinfeld monastery on the Urft , from where the washed-out pig iron ore was delivered to the Liège arms industry, among other things . The work in the ping went from November to February. Around 1650 the abbot paid 3 guilders for a cart of Roteisenstein.
In 1782, the abbot von Steinfeld secured the sole right of use of the ore and marble quarries in Marmagen in a document . Around 1800 65 workers dug around 500 tons of red and brown iron stone in 23 pits around Marmagen. The "Steinfelder Eisenhammer" in Urft, which was owned by the monastery, was one of the most important iron works in the Eifel.
The "Schlirfter Mühle" on the Marmagener Bach came into the possession of the church in 1461 and had been owned by the Steinfeld monastery since 1662 at the latest. It acted as a compulsory mill and the Marmagen farmers were forced to have their grain milled in this mill for a fee. In 1680 the priest had the devastated mill and the mill pond renewed.
From the records of the pastors of Marmagen it can be proven that at the end of the 17th century all essential craftsmen were represented in Marmagen.
In terms of culture, Marmagen was able to benefit from its close ties to the Steinfeld Abbey. The decisive factor was the pastoral orientation of the Premonstratensian whose Steinfeld branch long time scale for the whole Zirkarie Westfalia was.
A school building can be accepted as early as the first half of the 17th century. The first known teacher was Fredericus Wiltz († 1678). In his death entry in the church book of Marmagen, the pastor thanked him for twenty years of loyal service as "ludimagisters and sacristan" (schoolmaster and sexton ). His successor was Leo Heinrich Bönickhausen . Through his work in collaboration with the pastor and former Steinfelder Prior, Johannes Liessem , the Marmagen village school experienced its first heyday. As a church register from the 17th century shows, the teacher was regularly paid and rent was paid for his apartment. In 1680 "Leyen" (slate stones) were brought from Monschau to replace the schoolhouse roof. The pastor personally traveled to Cologne and bought "books for Christian teaching", rosaries and in 1685 a "book about the great war". The children were also rewarded with “pictures” every year on New Year's Day for their hard work.
The church music tradition of Marmagen was founded in the 17th century. From 1674 singers and musicians mentioned, the musical program developed with vocals and instruments in worship of St. Lawrence. There are also reports of female singers who were rewarded for their musical contributions during the numerous pilgrimages to St. Hermann-Josef in Steinfeld or St. Servatius to the Ahekapelle . According to the customs of the time, the teacher and sacristan Fredericus Wiltz can be considered the first cantor of Marmagen.
With the French occupation of the Rhineland from 1794 and the dissolution of Steinfeld Abbey in 1802, the history of Marmagen as a monastery village ended. The " Mairie de Marmagen" (Mayor's Office of Marmagen) came to the newly formed canton of Blankenheim in February 1795 , arrondissement Prüm in the Département de la Sarre with the main town Trier and was administered by the canton office in Blankenheim with other surrounding towns. The Marmagener manors owned by the monastery were auctioned in Trier in 1807. A widow Lievre from Nancy became the owner of several large farms .
The mayor's office of Marmagen (1815–1969)
Administrative affiliation
After the cession of the Rhineland to Prussia in 1815 as a result of the resolutions of the Congress of Vienna , a mayor's office in Marmagen was established in the newly formed administrative district of Aachen.
The district affiliation changed several times due to the Prussian organizational planning in the Rhine provinces. In 1815, Marmagen belongs to the Blankenheim district , whose jurisdiction largely coincided with the French canton of Blankenheim. In 1818 this was dissolved and added to the district of Gemünd. In 1829 the name and the administrative seat of the district changed again. Marmagen was now the mayor's office in the Schleiden district and the town of Schleiden was the seat of the responsible district office .
After the new Prussian municipal code for the Rhine Province came into force in July 1845, Marmagen became the mayor's office for Nettersheim, Schmidtheim and Urft, headed by the mayor appointed by the king and given extensive powers.
The official regulations of November 1, 1934 as a result of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law brought about a significant change in the administrative structure of Marmagen. Marmagen lost the administration, and a new office in Schmidtheim took over the administration of the mayorships of Marmagen and Kronenburg and their localities. Marmagen received its own local mayor and a local council, who was able to organize the community's budget independently. These administrative regulations lasted until 1969.
The municipality of Marmagen came to an end with the local government reform in North Rhine-Westphalia in 1969. On October 5, 1968, under the pressure of the state government threatening compulsory regulation, the Marmagen community fathers passed an area change agreement that separated the town of Marmagen from the Schmidtheim office and merged it with ten other towns to form the new community of Nettersheim. As part of the law on the reorganization of municipalities in the Schleiden district of June 24, 1969, this contract became legally effective on July 1, 1969. Marmagen has been part of the municipality of Nettersheim since then and bears the official place name Nettersheim-Marmagen.
Population development
Around 1820 there were seven places to live in the Marmagen mayor's office (population figures in brackets): Dorf Marmagen (420), Dorf Nettersheim (394), Recherhof (11), Rosenmühle (7), Dorf Schmidtheim (361), Schmidtheimermühle (5), Dorf Urft ( 181). In 1827 the former Steinfelder Hütte in Urft was also part of it. Among the total of 1377 inhabitants of the mayor's office was a Protestant . The community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia from 1895 names 123 houses with 628 inhabitants, 331 men and 297 women for the village of Marmagen. The 1939 census shows 793 inhabitants for the place.
Economic development
Under French rule, the Eifel iron industry once again experienced an upswing, as relations with the western coal and steel markets , some of which had existed since the 15th century, improved. The French administration was very interested in the Marmagen iron mines and had them appraised by an expert. Until 1840, mining rights were still granted in isolated cases, then the economic boom ended.
Under Prussian rule, the Eifel had become a border region and the major western markets for hardware such as Liège were now abroad. The charcoal traditionally used for smelting was also far less productive than the hard coal, which was increasingly being used, and the English iron, which was pushing into the Cologne market, was cheaper than Eifel products.
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The decline of the Eifel iron industry was followed by a great impoverishment of the population. The poor employment situation led to a famine in the years 1845 to 1847 and the people of Marmagen, like elsewhere, had to be supplied with food and clothing by an emergency program of the Prussian government.
The economic situation improved as a result of the transport policy of the Prussian government and the Schleiden district. In 1849 Landstrasse 204 was built from Kall via Urft and Marmagen to Schmidtheim. This gave the mayor's office a first marketable connection between its communities.
In 1870 the Eifelbahn line Cologne – Trier was opened, which was originally planned from Kall via Marmagen to Schmidtheim. However, on the initiative of the Count's Forest Administration in Schmidtheim, the Marmagen municipal council rejected this route, so that the railway line had to be curved over the neighboring town of Nettersheim, where the railway station was also set up. It was not until Landstrasse 205 to Nettersheim, built in 1884, that Marmagen provided the connection to the Cologne – Trier Reichsbahn line.
In the last two decades of the 19th century, a craft culture in the building sector developed in Marmagen, which led the village to a new economic boom. The building contractor Peter Milz (1836–1910) settled in Marmagen in 1869 and built a sawmill. Using the quarry stone framework he developed, he built numerous stations and route buildings on the new Reichsbahn line. His son relocated the flourishing company to the railway line near Blankenheim-Wald. Around 1900, Milz employed 30 workers in his company. He was the chairman of the local school board and in this function was able to influence school life.
With the land consolidation in the Marmagen district between 1905 and 1910, larger agricultural areas were created again, which made the use of arable and mowing machines possible.
Between 1907 and 1910 the community built an aqueduct. A gravity pump pumped the water from the Gillesbach valley through a three-kilometer riser into a storage tank above the village, from where the households were supplied with water. In 1912 and 1913, a low-voltage electricity network was installed in Marmagen, for which the local council provided 7,600 Reichsmarks.
Cultural development
Although the French government had nationalized the school system in the Rhenish departments as early as 1798, the introduction of compulsory schooling in 1825 by the Prussian government led to the first changes in the Eifel school system. A new building for an elementary school was built in Marmagen in 1857 and was initially run as a single class and from 1867 as a two-class system. In 1879 119 children from Marmagen attended school, 60 in the upper class, 59 in the lower class. In the school chronicle, the first teachers complain about the irregular school attendance of the children, who were needed by their parents as agricultural workers, especially in the summer.
The teacher Wilhelm Schumacher (1860–1926), who took up his post in Marmagen in 1884, also looked after his students as apprentices and took them to special classes after work and on weekends. In this way he prepared them for the theoretical requirements of the journeyman's and master's exams. In the 42 years of service of the teacher, several generations of well-trained building craftsmen grew up who established Marmagen's reputation as a village of craftsmen. Schumacher was a registrar , arbitrator and chairman of the savings and loan association, which he co-founded in 1899.
Sisters from the Cooperative of the Poor Maidservants of Christ founded a branch in Marmagen in 1914 and set up an outpatient nursing station. In the same year, the district government in Aachen approved a “custody for small children” and a “handicraft school for school-leavers” at the request of the civil parish. For this, the community rented rooms on the upper floor of the village restaurant.
The oldest Marmagen village associations were also founded in the period between 1880 and the First World War . The pastor Matthias Joseph Kühlwetter founded the St. Cäcilien Church Choir in 1889 , which was purely a male choir according to the time. In the absence of female voices, the local priest delegated the village's Congregation for the Virgin to the church choir around 1930, thus forming one of the largest choirs in the Schleiden district.
In 1890, the municipality in Marmagen set up a Brandcorps, a fire-fighting company with 36 men, from which the Marmagen volunteer fire brigade later emerged. In these years the bachelor club was also founded, which emerged after 1920 as the Josefs club with regular theater performances. From this club in 1921 the Marmagen "Spielmannszug" emerged. In 1905 the pastor Kremer founded the Laurentius Rifle Guild.
Consequences of war
During the First World War , Marmagen was a deployment area on the western front . From 1911 soldiers of the German Reich were quartered in the mayor's office during maneuvers , which was completely overloaded. Like the whole of the Rhineland, the place was largely spared from war damage. The worsening economic situation in the country caused critical supply bottlenecks. Suffering city dwellers came to Marmagen to “buy hamster” food in the countryside. A famine is reported in Marmagen in 1917, as a result of which diphtheria and tuberculosis spread epidemically and led to deaths.
Marmagen in the Schleiden district belonged to the catchment area of the VIII Army Corps of the German Empire. Young people from Marmagen, who were "evacuated" for military service, had to submit to the Wehrmacht at Kall station . In 1922, the community erected a war memorial for the 23 soldiers from Marmagen who were killed or missing in the First World War.
After the First World War, construction measures were carried out as part of "emergency work", which was funded by Reich grants, including the expansion of the parish church (1923) and the erection of a " riser tower " for fire fighting (1927).
politics
coat of arms
The upper part of the coat of arms consists of a Laurentiusrost , the attribute of the local saint St. Laurentius. Including three golden lilies on a blue background. They are the lilies of the Steinfeld patron saint St. Potentinus . They have their origin in the coat of arms of the Bourbons and came to Steinfeld with the bones of St. Potentinus, who comes from Aquitaine . The abbot of Steinfeld Monastery was the landlord of large parts of Marmagen until the end of the Old Kingdom and was responsible for the jurisdiction .
In 1954 this coat of arms was decided by the Marmagener municipal council.
Attractions
The old school was built in 1857 and used as a two-class elementary school until 1955. Window and door frames are made of red Eifel sandstone. Today the house serves as a local communication center with a meeting place for senior citizens.
The old castle is a castle complex from the Middle Ages, formerly surrounded by moats. Only the castle house and a single-storey side wing have survived from the original four-sided complex that encloses a courtyard.
The oldest parts of the Church of St. Laurentius date from the late Gothic period. The church interior was redesigned around 1950 by artists from the Cologne factory schools and is one of the few "modern" church interiors in the Eifel.
The Villa Hubertus on Kölner Straße is a stately half-timbered building from 1917, which is located in the middle of a spacious park on Kölner Straße. Previously, the sawmill of the Milz entrepreneurial family, which had been the main employer in Marmagen since the late 19th century, was located here.
The Hotel Eifeler Hof is a representative, two-story half-timbered house on Eiffelplatz from 1901, built in the style of the tourist restaurants at the turn of the century.
The Steinfelder Gutshof , a baroque courtyard from the 18th century, is one of several manors owned by the Steinfeld Abbey in Marmagen. Its size and location suggest that it was the manor house in which the Abbot von Steinfeld, as the Marmagener judge, spoke right and to which the tenth- duty Marmagen farmers had to deliver their taxes on St. Martin's Day .
The Zachäustafel , a basal relief on the street front of the Marmagener rectory on Kölner Straße, is an early work by the Rhenish sculptor Titus Reinarz . It is in the style of a Eifeler- Take plate biblical scene from the Gospel of Luke is where the diminutive tax collector Zacchaeus climbed a tree to the passing to see Jesus (Luke 19.1 to 11).
The Marienkapelle is a stone path chapel with a wall from 1937 on today's Kapellenstrasse. It was built by the Knoll family from Marmagen in recognition of their recovery from serious illness.
The priestly crypt of Marmagen is in the cemetery . The Marmagen priests have been buried here since 1799. The basalt grave slab has a relief in the form of a human skeleton. The tomb was erected as part of the church renovation in the 1960s and is the work of the Rhenish artist Titus Reinarz .
Culture
Marmagen choir concerts
The Marmagen Choir Concerts are a series of events organized by the Marmagen church choir since 1992 with sacred and secular choir concerts. In addition to the local church choir, which performs oratorio concerts in this context , renowned choir and instrumental ensembles from the Rhenish music metropolises are guests. As soloists u. a. with Kurt Moll , Hans Sotin , Béla Mavrák , Elena Fink and Adreaná Kraschewski. In cooperation with the Cologne University of Music , Lortzings Zar und Zimmermann , Mozart's Magic Flute and Humperdinck's Hansel and Gretel were staged by Cologne director Igor Folwill in Marmagen, in which the Marmagen church choir performed the corresponding choral part. The Marmagen choir concerts are funded by the North Rhine-Westphalia Foundation for Nature Conservation, Heritage and Culture and the State Music Council of North Rhine-Westphalia .
Kulturklinik Eifelhöhen
The Eifelhöhen-Klinik AG offers a cultural program with around 250 events annually in its rooms for patients and guests from the region. The largely admission-free offer ranges from natural history lectures, travel reports, cabaret and theater performances to choir, soloist and orchestral concerts. Regional artists and ensembles, folk music groups and theater associations are included.
Local associations
Marmagen has a pulsating village life in which Eifel customs are cultivated as a living tradition. Thirteen local clubs offer leisure activities from model aircraft construction to amateur theater.
- Brass band 1921 Marmagen
- Eifelverein local group Marmagen
- Friends of the parish of St. Laurentius Marmagen e. V.
- Women's community Marmagen
- Freifunk citizen network
- Marmagen volunteer fire brigade
- Carnival society "Löstig Jonge" Marmagen 1928 e. V.
- Church choir Marmagen
- Spa and tourist office Marmagen
- May Committee Marmagen
- Model flying group Marmagen
- March 1921 marching band
- Sports fans 69 Marmagen-Nettersheim
- St. Laurentius Rifle Guild Marmagen
- Theater Association Marmagen
Infrastructure
economy
Marmagen is an old craft village with a focus on the construction industry. Numerous plasterers , traditionally known as "Märmarener Pützer", are active nationwide.
The Marmagen craft and commercial enterprises offer 80 jobs. There are another 500 jobs in the trade and service sector. In recent years, new companies from the information technology and media sectors have settled.
The largest employer was the Eifelhöhen Clinic , which is located on a slope in the north of the Eifel village . It was one of the first clinics in Germany to go public . As part of insolvency proceedings, the clinic was finally closed on January 21, 2020 after being temporarily closed due to lack of hygiene.
In addition, there are general practitioners and dentists, a veterinarian, a pharmacy , two practices for physiotherapy and a patient transport company, a lawyer’s practice and two bank branches, as well as numerous retail stores, a travel agency and a petrol station .
traffic
Marmagen is the westernmost part of the municipality of Nettersheim . Nearby are the Eifel towns of Blankenheim (10 km), Schleiden (18 km), Bad Münstereifel (18 km), Kall (10 km) and Mechernich (19 km).
The federal roads 258 (Blankenheim-Schleiden) and 51 to Trier can be reached from Marmagen via the L 204 ( Schmidtheim - Kall ) . The L 205 connects Marmagen via junction 113 (Nettersheim) to the federal motorway 1 / E 29 (7 km). The district town of Euskirchen (30 km) and the regional centers of Cologne (65 km) and Bonn (73 km) can be reached via this connection .
The next train station is Nettersheim (3 km) on the Eifel route Cologne – Trier . The Eifel-Mosel-Express Cologne-Euskirchen-Gerolstein-Trier and the Eifel-Express Cologne-Euskirchen-Gerolstein with a connection to Trier run here every two hours . In addition, the Eifel Railway Cologne – Euskirchen – Gerolstein runs every hour during rush hour .
There are three bus stops in Marmagen that are served by the RVK . In addition to the intra-community line 820 to Nettersheim train station and to the Nettersheim municipal administration in Zingsheim, line 835 runs to Kall and the call and collect taxi (AST) Nettersheim. There are also additional trips on the 760 lines in school transport ( school transport ).
Due to the north-facing slope of the Haufendorf, the north-south roads have a gradient between 6% and 10%. The main street of the place is the 2.4 km long "Kölner Straße", which runs through the place in a serpentine line from north to south and overcomes 90 meters in altitude. The church, community houses, restaurants and retail stores are located next to it.
The center of the village is the "Eiffelplatz", a terraced village square that was built in the 1960s with a music pavilion and fountain. It was named after the French engineer and Eiffel Tower builder Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923). (see section Gustave Eiffel ancestors) Large events such as fairgrounds and other village festivals take place on the traffic area, which is partly used as an internal car park.
Educational and cultural institutions
The primary school in Marmagen is a two-tier community primary school (GGS) run by the municipality of Nettersheim. The neighboring town of Nettersheim also belongs to their catchment area. The school is equipped with a teaching pool, a sports field and an adventure playground. The school program includes childcare as part of the NRW school project from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. for children of working parents and special educational support measures based on the NRW support concept for joint teaching .
Schoolchildren are transported to the secondary schools, the secondary school in Nettersheim (3 km), the secondary school in Blankenheim (8 km), the Steinfeld high school (3 km) and Schleiden (18 km), as well as to the Eifel vocational college in Kall (10 km) by bus (760 lines). The Marmagener Jugendhaus is a former teacher's house that has been converted into a communication and event house. Led by a community social worker , this youth home is largely managed and maintained by the local youth themselves.
Church institutions
The Catholic parish church of St. Laurentius with 300 seats is the center of the Catholic parish of Marmagen, to which 82% of the Marmagen population belong. The parish belongs to the community of the parishes of St. Hermann-Josef Steinfeld . Other denominations have no place of worship in Marmagen.
The kindergarten of the Catholic parish of Marmagen is an institution with two groups in all-day care. It is open to non-Catholic children. The building was erected in 1993 in the church garden.
In the 1960s, the Marmagen parish built a multi-purpose hall next to the church. On weekdays it was used as a gym for school and club sports. On the weekends the priest from Marmagen ran a cinema there, the Pfarrlichtspiele Marmagen , which was part of the commercial film distribution. In 1982 the cinema was closed and the room was used as a sports hall and ballroom for local events such as concerts, exhibitions and bazaars.
The "old school" was acquired in 1989 by the Catholic parish of Marmagen and converted into a meeting place. The school building, built in 1857, housed a two-class elementary school and a teacher's apartment until the new Marmagen primary school was built in 1955 . After that it was rented as a residential and commercial building. After the restoration, a senior citizens' meeting place was set up in their rooms. Courses from the Nettersheim Adult Education Center and general information events take place here. In addition, the “old school” is available to the local associations as a meeting and rehearsal room. The municipality of Nettersheim maintains the tourist information office in Marmagen.
Sports and leisure facilities
The sports facility in Marmagen is part of the SG Sportfreunde 69 Marmagen-Nettersheim sports club, the strongest member of the sports club in the Euskirchen district . It consists of several playing fields of different equipment and sizes and the associated team rooms. A beach volleyball facility was added in 2002.
Schützenhaus and Schützenplatz were built by the Marmagener St. Laurentius Schützenbruderschaft . The wood-covered facility is located close to the forest edge. It includes the club house of the local rifle brotherhood, a shooting range and a beer garden. The Marmagener Schützenfest takes place here on the second Sunday in July. The facility is also rented out for private family and club celebrations.
The Marmagen model airfield is located outside the residential area in the Finschleiden corridor . It is operated by the local model flying group. The approximately 7000 m² take-off and landing area is approved for all types of model aircraft.
For cross-country skiing , a signposted system of cross-country trails with a length of 8 km has been set up between the neighboring villages of Marmagen and Nettersheim , which is regularly re-groomed in the snow months. A toboggan slope is available on the outskirts of “Auf Bollerath”. If the weather permits, the Hermann-Löns-Weiher in the Marmagener Bachtal is open for ice skating .
The Laurentiusgarten is a green area with arbors and benches in the center of the village. It serves as a meeting place for citizens and a quiet zone. There are several playgrounds and football fields in Marmagen for children up to 14 years of age .
Marmagen nature experience area
Marmagen is surrounded by a marked network of local hiking trails with benches, shelters, huts and barbecue areas. It is managed by the community of Nettersheim with the cooperation of the Marmagen des Eifelverein e. V. Düren entertained and looked after.
Eifel view observation tower
The observation tower "Eifel-Blick" with a height of 14 m is located on the grounds of the Eifelhöhenklinik am Mühlenberg ( 546 m above sea level ) in Marmagen. It offers a 20 km wide all-round view of the North Eifel nature park , with Steinfeld Monastery , the villages of Wahlen (Kall) , Zingsheim and Marmagen, to the Kermeter ridge in the Eifel National Park and to the Michelsberg near Bad Münstereifel . The tower was built by the "Eifel-Blick" project initiative of the German-Belgian nature park Hohes Venn-Eifel .
Barrier-free landscape path
The “Barrier-free Landscape Path” Marmagen, which was created for people with disabilities , begins at the “Eifel-Blick” observation tower . The continuously stepless path was laid out in circular courses with different gradients. Exemplary accesses to the natural and cultural area of the Kalkeifel are offered at 12 themed stations and the flora and fauna typical of the Eifel can be experienced and understood by taking into account tactile, taste and smell experiences. This includes a historic cottage garden , a teaching pond, insect models, Roman stone monuments, a sculpture park and sound wood, as well as a barrier-free vantage point with a view of the Steinfeld monastery . The landscape path is connected to the Eifelhöhenklinik's disabled-friendly care structure (toilet facility, café); parking spaces, café-restaurant and disabled toilets are accessible to everyone free of charge. If necessary, guided tours of the adventure trail are offered. The Marmgener Landscape Path is the most extensive of the more than thirty handicapped-specific offers of the “Barrier-free Eifel” project in the German-Belgian Nature Park.
Eifel spring path
The third stage of the Eifeler Quellenpfad starts from Marmagen , a marked hiking trail that leads to the sources of the Eifel rivers Kyll , Ahr , Erft and Urft (river) . The 68 km long circular hiking trail runs from Kronenburg via Ripsdorf to Blankenheim , from there through the Haubach and Urft valleys to Nettersheim and Marmagen, then back to Kronenburg via Schmidtheim and opens up the numerous natural, architectural and soil monuments of the northern Limestone Eifel along the way. The Eifel source hike is marketed as a three-day "circular hike without luggage" including local restaurants and accommodation providers.
Personalities
Gustave Eiffel ancestors
According to French Eiffel biographers, the oldest known ancestor of the French engineer and Eiffel Tower builder Alexandre Gustave Eiffel is the schoolmaster Leo Heinrich Bönickhausen , who worked in Aremberg from 1673 to 1679 and in Marmagen from 1680 to 1695. His son, Wilhelm Heinrich, who was born in Marmagen, according to the widespread but unproven account, is said to have emigrated to Paris around 1700, changed his first name and added the addition “Eiffel” to his family name “Bönickhausen”.
Since this suspected relationship became known in the seventies of the last century, the family of the Eiffel descendants has been on friendly terms with Marmagen. Gustave Eiffel himself had the German-speaking part of the name "Bönickhausen" deleted by court order in 1888 before the Eiffel Tower opened.
Other personalities
- Johannes Remelinckhausen (around 1513), dean of the Eifel dean and author of the "Statua synodalia" 1513
- Peter III Marmagen († 1604), Abbot of the Premonstratensian Monastery of Arnstein a. d. Lahn
- Petrus Bodenheim (1652–1688), prior of the Niederehe monastery
- Johannes Liessem (1637–1698), prior of Steinfeld Abbey
- Johann Marmagen († 1640), Franciscan and benefactor of the Carden / Mosel Collegial Foundation
- Leo Heinrich Bönickhausen (* before 1673, † after 1707), oldest known ancestor of the French Eiffel Tower builder Alexandre Gustave Eiffel .
- Joseph Lemling (1825–1894), photographer and pioneer of photographic technology
- Peter Milz (1934–1986), member of the Bundestag
- Clemens Pick (* 1947), member of the state parliament
- Georg A. Poensgen (* 1964), architect and university professor
swell
- Main State Archive Düsseldorf. Inventory Steinfeld. Files 28-240.
- Main State Archive Düsseldorf. Existing Jülich fiefdom. Lehns repertory from 1748.
- Johannes Becker: History of the parishes of the deanery Blankenheim. Cologne 1893.
- Charles Braibant: Histoire de la Tour Eiffel. Paris 1964.
- Josef Els: A little Eifel school history. Monschau 2002.
- Erich Froitzheim: Marmagen, Bönickhausen and the Eiffel Tower. In: Schleiden district, 1971 yearbook. Schleiden 1970.
- Erich Froitzheim: Marmagen. In: Small Art Guide No. 1478. Munich 1984.
- Manfred Gehrke: Conventual directory of the Premonstratensian Abbey Steinfeld 1541–1795. Steinfeld / Kall 2001.
- Heinz Günter Horn: The Romans in North Rhine-Westphalia. Stuttgart 1987.
- Ibler u. a .: Archeology in Nettersheim . Nettersheim 1998.
- Ingrid Joester: Document book of the Steinfeld Abbey. Bonn 1976.
- Leonard Korth: The Counts of Mirbachsche Archive to Harff. In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine (AHVN) 57. Bonn 1893.
- Ernst Freiherr v. Mirbach: History of the Mirbach family. Potsdam / Berlin 1903–1925.
- Peter Neu: Iron industry in the Eifel. Cologne 1988.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Oediger: The Archdiocese of Cologne around 1300. First issue. "The Liber valoris." Bonn 1967.
- Alois Poth: Chronicle of the St. Cäcilien Chores Marmagen 1889–1989. Parish archive Marmagen.
- Wolfgang Schieder (Ed.): Secularization and Mediatization in the Four Rhenish Departments 1803–1813. Teilbd. III: Saar Department. Munich 1991.
- Ernst Wackenroder : The art monuments of the Schleiden district . Düsseldorf 1932.
- Topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Aachen. Aachen 1820.
- School chronicle of the elementary school Marmagen 1875–1990 Parish archive Marmagen.
- Eifelverein Düren (ed.): Nettersheim community (= The beautiful Eifel). Düren 1984.
literature
- Friedrich Milz: Eifel village stories. Experienced and heard in Marmagen. Düren no year
- Municipality of Nettersheim (ed.): That's how it was in Nettersheim. Nettersheim 1983 (collection of historical photographs from Marmagen, among others).
- Erich Froitzheim: Marmagen. In: Small Art Guide No. 1478. Munich 1984 (historical outline of the place and the parish church).
- Felix Bretz: Marmagen 2000 - A chronicle with pictures of the village history. Kall 2000.
Web links
- Location portrait of Marmagen. Nettersheim community, accessed on January 21, 2016 .
- Information about Marmagen
- Photo report about Marmagen
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eifelhöhenklinik Marmagen ( Memento from August 13, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ https://www.ksta.de/region/euskirchen-eifel/nettersheim/eifelhoehen-klinik-es-soll-kein-vierter-krankenhaus-im-kreis-euskirchen-enthaben--36668664
- ^ Geological State Office NRW (ed.): Geological map of North Rhine-Westphalia. Explanations. Sheet 5505 Blankenheim. Krefeld 1983.
- ↑ Wolfgang Schumacher: Nature and landscape in the community of Nettersheim. In: Eifelverein, Düren (ed.): The beautiful Eifel: Nettersheim. Nettersheim 1984.
- ↑ Climate report of the DWD Essen from 1988
- ^ E. Schmidt: Roman roads in the Rhineland. IN: Yearbooks of the Society of Friends of Antiquity in the Rhineland. Vol. XXXI.1, Bonn 1861, p. 43.
- ^ Karl Guthausen: The settlement names of the Schleiden district. Bonn 1967, p. 52.
- ↑ Tabula Peutingeriana. Codex Vindobonensis 324, Austrian National Library, Vienna. Commented by E. Weber. Graz 2004, ISBN 3-201-01793-0 .
- ↑ Ibler u. a .: Archeology in Nettersheim. Nettersheim 1998.
- ↑ Heinrich Beyer u. a .: Document book on the history of the Middle Rhine territories now forming the Prussian government districts . tape 1 , no. 368 . Hildesheim 1974.
- ↑ State Archives Koblenz Section 9, Certificate No. 1
- ↑ cf. Friedrich Wilhelm Ödiger: Steinfeld. To found the first monastery. In: From history and regional studies. Bonn 1960.
- ^ Hugo, Carolus Ludovicus: Sacri et canonici ordinis Praemonstratensis Annales. Vol. 2. Nancy 1736, Col. 523.
- ^ Wilhelm Ewald: Rheinische Siegel. In: Publications of the Society for Rhenish History. Vol. III, No. 27, Bonn 1906-1941, p. 48.
- ↑ "apud Marmagen commorantibus." Main State Archives Düsseldorf, Kurköln IV, document no. 1282
- ^ Ingrid Joester: Document book of Steinfeld Abbey. Cologne / Bonn 1976.
- ^ Ingrid Joester: Document book of Steinfeld Abbey. Cologne / Bonn 1976 p. 595 ff.
- ↑ Main State Archives Düsseldorf, Steinfeld Abbey, files 12a, p. 21 ff.
- ↑ Main State Archives Düsseldorf, Kurköln II, Certificate No. 4165
- ↑ Main State Archives Düsseldorf, Steinfeld Abbey, files 9/1 p. 3 f.
- ↑ a b Main State Archives Düsseldorf, Steinfeld Abbey, files 22 p. 69 ff.
- ↑ Manfred Konrads: The history of the rule Wildenburg in the Eifel. , Euskirchen 2001, p. 189 f.
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Oediger (Ed.): The Archdiocese of Cologne around 1300 . Issue 1: The Liber Valoris (= publications of the Society for Rheinische Geschichtskunde XII, explanations of the historical atlas of the Rhineland . Volume 9, 1 ). Bonn 1967, p. 44 .
- ↑ Main State Archives Düsseldorf, Jülich Lehen II, Jülich Lehn Repertorii Tomus II 1749, No. 146.1, p. 57.
- ↑ Ernst von Mirbach: History of the Mirbach family. Vol. III: Documents and files. Berlin 1911, p. 88.
- ↑ Main State Archives Düsseldorf, holdings of Steinfeld Abbey, files 28, p. 55 f.
- ^ Ingrid Joester: Aachen citizen sons as Steinfelder at the end of the 17th century was a canon . In: Journal of the Aachen History Association. Vol. 88/89, p. 117 f.
- ↑ Main State Archive Düsseldorf, holdings of Steinfeld Abbey, Certificate 320 of March 10, 1662
- ^ Main State Archive Düsseldorf, Jülich Lehen II, 146.
- ↑ Schannat-Bärsch: Eifflia illustrata. Cologne 1824
- ^ Parish archive Marmagen, Status animarum 1783.
- ↑ Main State Archives Düsseldorf, holdings of Steinfeld Abbey, Certificate No. 198
- ^ Peter Neu: Iron industry in the Eifel. Cologne 1988, p. 27.
- ^ A b Peter Neu: Iron Industry in the Eifel. Cologne 1988, p. 176.
- ↑ Main State Archives Düsseldorf, holdings of the Steinfeld Abbey, files 28, p. 10 ff.
- ↑ a b Main State Archives Düsseldorf, holdings of Steinfeld Abbey, files 28.
- ↑ North German Province of the Order
- ^ Church book Marmagen, Nomina defunctorum 1637–1686
- ^ Church book of St. Nikolaus Aremberg / Ahrweiler district, baptisms 1673
- ↑ Wolfgang Schieder (Ed.): Secularization and Mediatization in the Four Rhenish Departments 1803-1813. Teilbd. III: Saar Department. Munich 1991.
- ↑ Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of North Rhine-Westphalia No. 32 of June 28, 1969, p. 383 ff.
- ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Aachen. Aachen 1820
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Schleiden district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Josef Els: Small Eifel school history. Monschau 2002, p. 65.
- ↑ school chronicle elementary school Marmagen 1875-1990. P. 2.
- ↑ a b Alois Poth: Chronicle of the St. Cäcilien Chores Marmagen 1889–1989. Parish archive Marmagen.
- ^ Parish archive of Marmagen: Pastor Kremer's death note for those who fell in World War I.
- ↑ Harald Herzog: Castles and Palaces. History and typology of the noble seats in the Euskirchen district. Cologne 1989, p. 351.
- ^ Website of the Marmagen Choir Concerts
- ↑ Events in the Eifelhöhen Clinic. Retrieved January 21, 2016 .
- ↑ marmagen.freifunk.net Freifunk citizen network
- ↑ Manfred Lang: Platt öss great! A cheerful course in northern Eifel dialect . 2008, ISBN 3-940077-47-X .
- ↑ Chamber of Agriculture NRW (as of 2005) ( Memento from August 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Massive hygiene deficiencies - Eifelhöhen Clinic has to temporarily close at WDR , accessed on July 5, 2020
- ↑ Closure of the Eifelhöhenklinik at WDR on January 21, 2020, accessed on July 5, 2020
- ↑ Panoramic view: Mühlenberg in Nettersheim-Marmagen on the Eifel-Blick website
- ↑ Barrier-free landscape path
- ↑ Eifel source path - overview
- ↑ see: The name "Eiffel"
- ↑ see article Leo Heinrich Bönickhausen
- ↑ Kölner Stadtanzeiger from June 18, 1973
- ^ Charles Braibant: Histoire de la Tour Eiffel. Paris 1964, p. 35.
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