Wall draining

Under a Mauertrockenlegung covers all measures for the removal of moisture that has penetrated into masonry, including prevention of moisture absorption by methods of waterproofing of buildings , wherein the moisture is added either as a liquid or as a vapor (of which the countermeasure dependent):

Moisture absorption

• in liquid form
  • Soil water ( groundwater and seepage water )
  • Rain and splash water or the effects of driving rain
  • capillary moisture transport
  • Water penetration from above ( air types )
  • stray water from leaking pipes
• vapor:
  • by condensation
  • hygroscopic water absorption
  • Adsorption and absorption (physics) with diffusion of air humidity (see also water vapor diffusion resistance )
  • Condensation in capillaries (capillary condensation)
  • Injection of moist air by wind loads
• wall inherent (clinging) moisture
  • Water introduced into the building fabric during the construction process ( building moisture ), both excess mortar water and water released by setting processes or if the building materials have absorbed water when stored moist.

Drying process

• Wall drying through hydrophobization
• Wall drying through adsorption
• Condensation drying
• Drying by installing mobile heating devices
• Building drying with infrared functional ceramics, through drying up to 1 m wall thickness possible. (Infrared A wave)
• Air circulation through fans
• Intermittent ventilation and dry heating (through intermittent ventilation, cold, dry air is drawn into the damp building from the outside), it must be prevented that further moisture is absorbed.
• Avoiding the dehydration prevention of structures, i.e. drying out before floor coverings or facade cladding are attached
• Bake out
  • Electrophysical wall drainage

Sealing method (masonry sealing)

• active methods in which the sealing is carried out on the side on which water penetrates the wall, thus preventing water or moisture from penetrating "actively" into the wall, for example
  • Water repellency
  • Horizontal barrier
  • Injection method
  • Capillary breaking layer
  • Sealing slurry
  • preventive impregnation of building materials
  • water-impermeable structures (" white tub ", " black tub ", " brown tub ", " K tub ")
• passive methods in which the sealing is carried out on the side opposite the side where the water enters the wall, when the water has already entered
  • Water repellency

Possible structural damage

Damp walls can cause structural damage, for example

• Transport of soluble salts which can destroy the plaster when crystallizing out , see efflorescence
• Mold spots , black mold
• Frost damage as a result of moisture absorption
• Binder conversion and redistribution, especially with natural stones and plasters
• Discoloration of the building material surface due to salt formation (e.g. natural stones that contain iron compounds)

See also

• Breathing wall
• Drainage (technical systems)
• Black dust

literature

• Michael Balak, Anton Pech: Masonry Drying - From the Basics to Practical Application. Springer Verlag, Vienna / New York 2003, ISBN 3-211-83805-8 .
• Jürgen Weber, Volker Hafkesbrink (Ed.): Building sealing in the renovation of old buildings. Springer-Vieweg-Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-8348-0876-9 .
• Peter Rauch: Condensation and moisture in the masonry. Ingenieurbüro Peter Rauch, Leipzig 2012, ISBN 978-3-00-036810-3 .
• H. Venzmer (Ed.): Drying. Verlag Bauwesen, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-345-00797-5 .

Web links

• The basement waterproofing, the drying of the walls and the causes of damp basements. private website
• Konrad Fischer: Rising damp, wet walls, salty facade, damp in the basement - a guide.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Michael Balak, Anton Pech: Masonry drying - From the basics to practical application. Springer Verlag, Vienna / New York, 2003, ISBN 3-211-83805-8 . (partially available on Google Books) .