Max Klesse

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Max Wilhelm Klesse (born March 7, 1896 in Schlegel / Lower Silesia , † December 29, 1963 in Berlin ) was a German doctor, historian and resistance fighter against National Socialism .

Life

Max Klesse studied medicine and economics in Breslau and Berlin, and from 1916 he was involved in the USPD and from 1920 in the SPD . In 1926 he became deputy city ​​doctor and city high school doctor in Berlin-Reinickendorf .

In 1934 Klesse lost both offices for political reasons. To secure his economic existence, he then opened a doctor's practice in Berlin-Heiligensee with his wife Maria (née Semmler, 1892–1982) .

Since the outbreak of World War II , he and his wife Maria wrote and distributed leaflets against the Nazi regime in Berlin. He continued this activity from 1941 with his second wife Sophie (née Schad, 1905–1979). In 1942 he founded the Reinickendorf resistance group "Mannhart", which was also joined by employees of important large companies in the north of Berlin (including Rheinmetall-Borsig , AEG Hennigsdorf, in-house printing of the Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionswerke), who repeatedly smuggled leaflets into their companies. After the end of the war, the surviving members of the Mannhart resistance group took part in building a new social order.

In the course of the reconstruction of the German administration after the end of the war, Klesse was politically unaffected in December 1945 as head of the “Preventive Medical Care” department (from September 1946: “Preventive Health Care” department) in the Central Health Administration of the Soviet zone of occupation , based in Berlin. He held this office until 1947.

Because of its history, scientific and political publications since the mid-1920s, particularly in the context of his participation in the Monatshefte , he was in 1946 by Wilhelm flower as a professor of social history and social hygiene at the newly established University of Education Berlin appointed based in East Berlin. When the university was split into a western and an eastern institution in 1948, Klesse moved to the new location in Berlin-Lankwitz . He worked here until his retirement in 1959.

Works (selection)

  • Relationships between alcohol consumption and food leeway (excerpts from his doctoral thesis from the spring of 1925), in: Die Alcohol Question - International Scientific-Practical Journal , Volume 21 (1925), Issue 5, 254-261.
  • Contribution to the quantitative and qualitative problem of the decline in birth rates on the basis of school medical examinations on normal and auxiliary pupils , in: Journal for School Health Care and Social Hygiene , Volume 43 (1930), Issue 8, pp. 201-208.
  • Officials, State and Democracy , in: Sozialistische Monatshefte , 1930, pp. 434–440.
  • About the importance of the environment and the environment for the fate of the individual and the people , in: Health and Education, New Series of the Journal for School Health Care , Volume 46 (1933), No. 10, pp. 350-360.
  • The tasks of the school in the fight against tuberculosis. An introduction to social and school hygiene . Health and Profession 3, series of publications on health education, teacher booklet, Berlin / Hanover: Berthold Schulz Pedagogical Publishing House, 1950.
  • From old to new Israel. A contribution to the genesis of the Jewish question and anti-Semitism , Frankfurt / M .: Ner-Tamid-Verlag, 1965.

literature

  • Keyword: “Max Klesse”, in: Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar , Berlin: De Gruyter, 1950, p. 1022.
  • Keyword: "Max Klesse", in: Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar , Berlin: De Gruyter, 1954, p. 1172.
  • Hans-Rainer Sandvoss: The “other” capital of the Reich. Resistance from the labor movement in Berlin 1933–1945 , Berlin: Lukas Verlag, 2007, pp. 254–256.
  • Jessica Reinisch: The Perils of Peace. The Public Health Crisis in Occupied Germany , Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • AG Stolpersteine ​​Reinickendorf for the victims of persecution for racial, political or other reasons in the time of National Socialism in the support group for education, culture and international relations Reinickendorf eV (ed.), The Mannhart group. Resistance in the north of Berlin , Berlin: Möller, 2016.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ AG Stolpersteine ​​Reinickendorf for the victims of persecution for racial, political or other reasons in the time of National Socialism in the support group for education, culture and international relations Reinickendorf eV (Ed.), The Mannhart group. Resistance in the north of Berlin , Berlin: Möller, 2016, p. 3.
  2. ↑ See: Jessica Reinisch: The Perils of Peace. The Public Health Crisis in Occupied Germany , Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. pp. 120–122.
  3. ^ Wilhelm Blume: In memoriam Max Klesse , in: Max Klesse, From the Old to the New Israel. A contribution to the genesis of the Jewish question and anti-Semitism , Frankfurt / M .: Ner-Tamid-Verlag, 1965, p. 5.
personal data
SURNAME Klesse, Max
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Klesse, Max Wilhelm (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor, historian and resistance fighter against National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH March 7, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Schlegel / Lower Silesia
DATE OF DEATH December 29, 1963
Place of death Berlin