Max and Ines Krakauer
Max and Ines (Karoline) Krakauer (Max: * December 19, 1888 ; † March 6, 1965 ; Ines: * October 5, 1894 ; † March 7, 1972 ) were a Jewish couple who survived during National Socialism in Germany and lived in found shelter in numerous hiding places.
Life under National Socialism
Max and Ines Krakauer originally came from Leipzig . There, Max Krakauer worked as an entrepreneur in film distribution until he was banned from trading by the National Socialists. The Krakauer couple tried to find an opportunity to emigrate and moved to Berlin for this purpose , but were unsuccessful. At the beginning of the Second World War , Max and Ines Krakauer performed forced labor .
From January 1943, when the mass deportations of Jews from Berlin began, Max and Ines Krakauer lived underground. They spent the time up to the liberation by the American armed forces in a total of 66 different hiding places, often in Protestant parsonages first in Berlin, then in Brandenburg and Pomerania , and from August 1943 in Württemberg in houses of the so-called Württemberg parsonage chain . At that time they had the code name Ackermann. A link in the chain of hiding places was also the Baden parish family Gertrud and Otto Riehm in Ispringen for a fortnight at the beginning of 1944 .
Max Krakauer later wrote a memory book about this time in which he remembered his many helpers. The first edition was published in 1947.
The couple is remembered in the Johann-Ludwig-Fricker-Haus in Dettingen an der Erms , as is the parsonage next to the collegiate church, where a plaque installed in 2009 commemorates their and the pastor couple, Adolf and Elisabeth Rittmann, who were hiding them. On the house in Stetten , in which they were hidden from April 10, 1945 and where they were liberated, a sign reminds of the Krakauer couple and their helper Hildegard Spieth. Eleven of the helpers have meanwhile been named Righteous Among the Nations . The Krakauer couple are buried in the Jewish section of the Steinhaldenfeldfriedhof in Stuttgart .
Memory book
- Max Krakauer: Lights in the Dark. Original edition by Behrendt, Stuttgart 1947 (1st – 5th thousand)
- New ed. by Otto Mörike with the title: Lights in the Dark. Escape and rescue of a Jewish couple in the Third Reich . Quell-Verlag, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-7918-1300-5 (up to 11th edition, 1994)
- Current edition: Edited by Gerda Riehm and Jörg Thierfelder with the assistance of Susanne Fetzer. Calwer Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-7668-4001-1
- English edition: Lights in Darkness, English translation by Hans Martin Wuerth, E-Book Calwer Verlag, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3-7668-4232-9
literature
- Gerda Müller: The Jewish couple was hidden in the rectory. Courageous act by a Riederich pastor's wife in the last months of the war. In: Alb-Neckar-Zeitung , Metzingen, No. 98, April 28, 1995, p. 11.
- Eberhard Röhm, Jörg Thierfelder: Jews - Christians - Germans. Volume 4/1: Destroyed 1941–1945 . Calwer Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-7668-3887-3 , pp. 182–212 (on the parsonage chain in Württemberg)
- The Odyssey of Max and Ines Krakauer . In: Peter Haigis: They helped Jews. Swabian parsonages in resistance. Edition Gemeindeblatt, Evangelische Gemeindepresse Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-920207-18-6 , pp. 185 f.
Web links
- On November 9th, the “Karolinger-Schulhof” becomes “Elsbeth-und-Hermann-Zeller-Platz”: “Great Waiblinger personalities in the dark time” (PDF file: 972 kB). Official Gazette of the City of Waiblingen, August 14, 2008, p. 1, accessed on September 3, 2017.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Photo of the tombstone. In: alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved January 3, 2015 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Benz: Survival in the Third Reich. CH Beck, 2003, ISBN 978-3-406-51029-8 , p. 34. Limited preview in the Google book search
- ↑ HOTZE & MARTCHEN - Snowballs in Hiding - The Pastors' Network of the "Confessing Church" In: swr.de
- ↑ Martinszeller Association. In: martinszeller-verband.de. January 3, 2015, accessed January 3, 2015 .
- ↑ Wilhelm Zimmermann Memorial in the Johann Ludwig Fricker House. In: literaturland-bw.de. November 17, 1984. Retrieved January 3, 2015 .
- ↑ Lights in the Dark Max and Karoline Krakauer. In: alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved January 3, 2015 .
