Johann Ludwig Fricker

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Johann Ludwig Fricker (born June 14, 1729 in Stuttgart , † September 13, 1766 in Dettingen an der Erms ) was a Württemberg pastor and representative of Pietism .

Life

Fricker was the son of a barber from Stuttgart, the mother came from a merchant family. He studied philosophy and the natural sciences as a donor in Tübingen from 1747 and at that time already had a strong inclination towards mathematics and music . From 1749 to 1752 he studied theology . Faithful fellow students such as Karl Heinrich Rieger (1726–1791) and Magnus Friedrich Roos (1727–1803) had a great influence on Fricker's theological thinking during this time. Through this he also got in contact with Johann Albrecht Bengel , who converted him to a Tübingen scholarship with a devotional speech.

By studying Bengel's writings, his faith has solidified. Subsequently, he was mainly influenced by Friedrich Christoph Oetinger in Walddorf near Tübingen and Friedrich Christoph Steinhofer in Dettingen an der Erms. Fricker was also introduced to physics and mathematics through Oetinger and through this got a job as an employee of the designer Johann Georg Neßfell from Wiesentheid in Franconia to help him build an astronomical world machine .

In order to demonstrate this machine to the emperor in Vienna, Neßfell took Fricker with him on a journey to the imperial court. From there he moved on to the margraviate of Moravia and Upper Hungary, which is part of the Kingdom of Hungary (today's Slovakia), where he deepened his scientific and astronomical knowledge. During this trip he visited the Premonstratensian Prokop Diwisch in Brenditz near Znaim in Moravia , one of the first explorers of electrical phenomena, whose teachings he wanted to spread in Central Europe.

In 1753 Fricker became a private tutor in Stuttgart. Here he taught a nephew of the Pietist Friedrich Christoph Oetinger , Eberhard Christoph Ritter and Edlen von Oetinger (1743-1805), whose later wife was related and friends with Goethe (since 1784), Charlotte (Edle von Oetinger, née) von Barckhaus called von Wiesenhütten (1756–1823) , immortalized by Goethe in 1774 in the epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther in the literary figure of the 'second Lotte', "Fräulein von B ..". From 1755 Fricker worked in a Mennonite family in Amsterdam , from where he took a trip to London with his pupil to meet the Methodists John Wesley and George Whitefield, among others . In 1760 he returned to Württemberg and visited various cities on the Lower Rhine and Wuppertal on this trip . He came into contact with Samuel Collenbusch , Matthias Jorissen , Johann Christian Henke and Gerhard Tersteegen and thus became one of the mediators between Friedrich Christoph Oetinger and the Dutch and Lower Rhine Pietists.

The former parish building and today's Johann-Ludwig-Fricker-House in Dettingen an der Erms

In Württemberg he took over the office of the parish administrator in Kirchheim unter Teck in 1761 , then he was vicar in Uhingen an der Fils and then, from 1762 to 1764 a deacon , i.e. second pastor, in Dettingen an der Erms and pastor in the Hülben branch community , where he gave the essential impetus for the introduction of pietism. He had in the Hülben schoolmaster's wife Anna Katharina Kullen, widowed Schilling, born. Buck and the Dettinger master baker Christoph Handel (1720–1800) were keen supporters. Fricker, who by his own admission was a dry, bitter and taciturn nature and made high theological demands on his community, at times attracted two to three hundred participants during his edification hours. In the sense of active Christianity, die praxis pietatis, he referred to the importance of the epistle of James in addition to the epistle of Romans , which he also held in high regard.

Fricker was the most gifted student of Friedrich Christoph Oetinger and is the spiritual father of a large number of Pietist household communities on and below the central Swabian Alb . His view that the then emerging natural science should be understood from the Bible and built into it coincided with Oetinger's thinking. He was also introduced to Kabbalah thinking by Oetinger . Bengel, in turn, convinced him that the year 1836 would be the first millennium, a happy time of 1000 years.

Fricker was also a music theorist and as such probably influenced the poet Friedrich Hölderlin , who probably adopted the expression " the dissonances of the world " in the final part of his novel Hyperion from a Kabbalistic-music-theoretical treatise by Fricker. Since Oetinger's work on “ The Eulerian and Frickeric Philosophy About Music, As a Reason for the New Philosophical System” was printed in 1767 in the censorship-free, Masonic-friendly city ​​of Neuwied , Fricker's music theory was also known in the Neuwied Lodge “ Karoline zu den Drei Pfauen ”, who later belonged to Ludwig van Beethoven's most important teacher in Bonn, the music director Christian Gottlob Neefe (1748–1798). Oetinger's writing was reprinted again in 1770 in Oetinger's anthology “ Die Metaphysic in Connexion mit der Chemie ”, which itself ended up in the library of the Freemason Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . In Mozart's time, Vienna was a stronghold of alchemists , Rosicrucians , Freemasons and Illuminati , and Oetinger himself, as an alchemist and theosophist, expressed sympathy for " the first-rate Frey-Mäurer "

Fricker also became known through his physical considerations, through a standard work by Max Jammer on "space" to some extent even Albert Einstein , the author of a foreword to Jammer's book, through his ideas about a fourth dimension , others also about electricity , which he theologically reasoned.

In recent times, the concert pianist and musicologist Herbert Henck (Deinstedt), an employee of Karlheinz Stockhausen , has promoted the interest of musicological, technological and church history research in Johann Ludwig Fricker and his technological teacher, the cabinet maker Johann Georg Neßtfell.

Fonts

  • The wisdom in the dust, that is, instruction on how to get among the most common and the meanest circumstances, which one regards as low as dust and the like. paid little attention to the simple-minded guiding voice of God in oneself, 1st ed. O.] 1775.

literature

  • [Friedrich Christoph Oetinger:] The Eulerian And Frickeric Philosophy About Music, As a Reason for the New Philosophical System: In addition to some remarks about a Göttingische Review [written by Franz Christian Walch] . From a friend S [a] r. Reverend Mr. Praelat Oetingers . Printed by Johann Balthasar Haupt, Hof Buchdrucker, Neuwied 1767
  • Karl Christian Eberhard Ehmann (Ed.): Johann Ludwig Fricker . Osiander, Tübingen 1864.
  • Julius Hartmann:  Fricker, Johann Ludwig . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 382.
  • Albrecht Ritschl: History of Pietism . Volume III, Marcus, Bonn 1886.
  • Constantin Große (Ed.): The old comforters. A guide to the edification literature of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the 16-18. Century . Missionary action, Hermannsburg 1900.
  • Heinrich Hermelink: History of the Protestant Church in Wuerttemberg from the Reformation to the present. The kingdom of God in Wirtemberg . Wunderlich, Stuttgart et al. 1949.
  • Walter Ludwig:  Fricker, Johann Ludwig. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 434 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Reinhard Breymayer: On Friedrich Christoph Oetinger's emblematic music theory. Oetinger's rediscovered work "The Eulerian and Frickeric Philosophy on Music". With a view of Friedrich Hölderlin . In: Blätter für Wuerttemberg Church History 76 (1976). Stuttgart [1977], pp. 130-175, here p. 175: "A Fricker quote in Hölderlin's 'Hyperion'."
  • Herbert Henck: Kabbalistic Music Theory. Two unknown music theory treatises by Johann Ludwig Fricker . In: Blätter für Wuerttemberg Church History 76 (1976). Stuttgart [1977], pp. 176-183.
  • Herbert Henck: Planetary machines. An inventory of the writings on four Franconian planetary machines of the 18th century from the circle around Johann Georg Neßtfell with special consideration of the contributions of Johann Ludwig Fricker and Johann Zick. With a bibliography on Johann Georg Neßfell . In: Leaves for Württemberg Church History 79 (1979). Stuttgart [1980], pp. 62-139.
  • Eberhard Fritz: Pietism in Dettingen in the 18th and early 19th centuries. In: Fritz Kalmbach (ed.): Dettingen an der Erms . Dettingen / Erms 1992. ISBN 3-9802924-0-1 , pp. 236-256.
  • Hermann Ehmer, Udo Sträter (Hrsg.): Contributions to the history of the Württemberg Pietism. Festschrift for Gerhard Schäfer on his 75th birthday on June 2, 1998 and Martin Brecht on his 65th birthday on March 6, 1997 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1998, ISBN 3-525-55896-1 .
  • Herbert Henck: From the monochord to the fourth dimension. Johann Ludwig Fricker's earthly and heavenly music. In: Neue Zeitschrift für Musik , Volume 162 (2001), Issue 1, pp. 48–51. ( Online )
  • Ulrich Herrmann, Karin Priem: Denomination as a life conflict . Juventa, 2001, ISBN 3-7799-1125-6 .
  • Herbert Henck: Fricker, Johann Ludwig . In: Music in the past and present . 2nd, revised edition, edited by Ludwig Finscher, person part, volume 7. Kassel [among others]; Stuttgart and Weimar 2002, Sp. 110-113.
  • Herbert Henck: Johann Ludwig Frickers earthly and heavenly music. Calculations and reflections of a “reason making images” . In: Mathesis, natural philosophy and arcane science in the vicinity of Friedrich Christoph Oetinger (1702–1782) . Edited by Sabine Holtz, Gerhard Betsch and Eberhard Zwink in connection with the Institute for Historical Regional Studies and Historical Auxiliary Sciences at the University of Tübingen. Stuttgart 2005 ( Contubernium. Tübingen contributions to the history of universities and science , vol. 63), pp. 129–144
  • Josef Haubelt: Václav Prokop Diviš and Johann Ludwig Fricker . In: Mathesis […] (2005), pp. 153–164

Web links

Remarks

  1. See Reinhard Breymayer : Friedrich Christoph Steinhofer. A pietistic theologian between Oetinger, Zinzendorf and Goethe. With the solution of a source-critical problem with Karl Barth [...]. Heck, Dußlingen 2012. - ISBN 978-3-924249-53-3 , p. 8 f. 14 f.19. 55. 57 f. to Fricker
  2. Czech Přímětice . See cs: Přímětice .
  3. Cf. Reinhard Breymayer: Prelate [Friedrich Christoph] Oetinger's nephew Eberhard Christoph [Ritter und Edler] v. Oetinger, in Stuttgart Freemason and Superior of the Illuminati, in Wetzlar a judge at the Reichskammergericht [...] 2nd, improved edition. Heck, Tübingen 2010. - ISBN 978-3-924249-49-6
  4. Cf. Reinhard Breymayer: Goethe, [Friedrich Christoph] Oetinger and no end. Charlotte Edle von Oetinger, née von Barckhaus-Wiesenhütten, as Werther "Fräulein von B .." . Heck, Dußlingen 2012. - ISBN 3-924249-54-7 . - See also Breymayer: Prelate Oetingers Neffe , pp. 22–54.
  5. Cf. Reinhard Breymayer: Freemasons at the gates of the Tübingen monastery: Masonic influence on Hölderlin? In: Tubingensia. Impulses for the city and university history. Festschrift for Wilfried Setzler on his 65th birthday . Edited by Sönke Lorenz and Volker Schäfer. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 2008, pp. 355 - 395, here p. 382 f. and p. 390; also Werner Troßbach: The shadow of the Enlightenment. Farmers, citizens and Illuminati in Grafschaft-Wied-Neuwied . Fulda 1981, p. 154, 163, 169.
  6. on p. 255 just in the section “Herr Frickers' system” of his book “Swedenborgs and other Irrdische und himmlische Philosophie” (Swedenborgs and other earthly and heavenly philosophy, 1765, pp. 251-312), printed in Tübingen in 1765. This Swedenborg book reached Goethe's Weimar library in a later edition in 1776, Frankfurt am Main [1773], so that the prince poet, like Oetinger and Steinhofer, whose sermons Susanne Katharina Freiin von Klettenberg (friend of Goethe's mother) valued, too Fricker became a household name.