Magnus Friedrich Roos

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Magnus Friedrich Roos: Copper engraving by Johann Michael Söckler after a picture by Jakob Friedrich Dörr

Magnus Friedrich Roos (born September 6, 1727 in Sulz am Neckar ; † March 19, 1803 in the Anhausen Monastery an der Brenz ) was a Swabian Lutheran theologian and a representative of Lutheran Pietism .

Life

Roos was born on September 6, 1727 in Sulz aN . His father was the spiritual nursing home administrator Christoph Friedrich Roos, his mother Maria Barbara geb. Plocher. After attending the German and Latin schools in his hometown, he was accepted into the Blaubeuren monastery school at the age of 13 after passing the state exam in 1740. After a further two years in the Bebenhausen convent school from 1742, he began the usual two years of philosophy studies on a ducal collegiate grant, which he completed with the title Magister. After studying theology, during which he was particularly influenced by the writings of Johann Albrecht Bengel , he graduated with the Consistorial Exam and took up his first position as vicar in Tübingen-Derendingen in 1749.

Anhausen Monastery

Further positions in the vicariate brought him to Calw and Owen , from where he became acquainted with Friedrich Christoph Steinhofer . In 1752 the consistory appointed him to a repetition position at the Tübingen Abbey . After another vicariate from 1755 at the collegiate church in Stuttgart, he was appointed pastor in Göppingen in 1757 . On November 22, 1757 he married Christina Rosina Barbara Gmelin, a daughter of the physician Johann Konrad Gmelin . Of five children, only son Johann Friedrich survived his parents; he later became dean in Marbach . From 1767 he worked as dean in Tübingen-Lustnau. In 1784 Duke Carl Eugen was appointed prelate with his seat in the Anhausen Monastery an der Brenz , until 1820 Evangelical Prelature. From 1788 to 1797 he was politically active as a member of the large committee in the state parliament .

The memory of his work is kept alive by a support association “Freundeskreis Prelate Magnus Friedrich Roos”.

plant

Roos wrote over 60 scriptures. His best-known work is the Christian House Book (1783) with daily morning and evening services. In addition to southern Germany, it was particularly widespread among Lutherans in Sweden, Finland and Lutheran congregations in Kazakhstan. It is still read today, especially in the Pregizer communities, but also by the Apis . At least twelve of his works have been translated into English, Swedish, French or Dutch.

In addition to basic texts on the relationship between the Bible and psychology, Roos wrote a number of practical doctrines and devotional books. In 1764 there appeared Christian Thoughts on the Diversity and Unity of the Children of God (first translation into Swedish 1792).

Fundamenta Psychologiæ ex sacra Scriptura Collecta was published in 1769 . A translation into German by Hermann Cremer appeared in 1857. The book is considered the first comprehensive work on Biblical Psychology. John Laidlaw calls Roos the "father of modern biblical psychology". Franz Delitzsch sees this work as having a major influence on the biblical teaching of the soul by JT Beck (1843). A translation into English is in preparation.

From 1774 the 3-volume work Introduction to the Biblical Stories was published , as Part 1 From Creation to the Time of Abraham , Part 2 From Abraham to the Time of Solomon and Part 3 From Solomon to Jesus Christ 1775 the Jesus biography teaching and Life story of Jesus Christ the Son of God according to the four evangelists .

From 1777 a series of pedagogical conversation books appeared, which relate life practice and theology in dialogic scenes - they belong to Lutheran fiction literature. 1777 Soldiers Conversations: set up to plant godliness among soldiers . In 1787, Roos presented in Something for Seafarers: In conversations about the essentials for a fun and happy sea voyage in 17 conversations between sailor Jakob, ship's captain, helmsman, a preacher as a passenger and other ship's people, topics taken from ship life with the aim of the seafarers back to faith and away from their immoral life.

Further works are: Jesus the Redeemer of Men (1788, Swedish 1788), Edifying Conversations about the Revelation of St. John (1788), Clear and edifying declaration of the Revelation of St. John (1789), Brief interpretation of the letter S. Pauli to the Romans (1789, Swedish 1810), Edifying Conversations of True Stories (1789), Household Edification Book (from 1790 in many editions), Instructions for Christians on how to prepare for the present time ... (1790), Christian Conversations for Country People ( 1791), Certain, probable and false thoughts about the state of righteous souls after death (1791), Book of Confession and Communion (1791), proof that the whole Bible was inspired by God and that the Christian religion based on it is true (1791 ), Story of an administrator and his son (1792), illuminating the present great events through the prophetic word of God (1793, English 1797), the second and the twelfth psalm with an application to the present time (1793), sermons on the new Gospels ordained for the Wirtemberg Church (1795), interpretation of the 53rd chapter Isaiah (1796), the 45th and 110th Psalm laid out (1796), brief interpretation of the three letters of the apostle Johannes (1796), Two Treatises on Justification and Sanctification (1797), Brief Explanation of the Two Letters of the Apostle Peter and the Letter of the Apostle Jude (1798), Christian Conversations on Death (1800), Conversation on Old Age (1803, Swedish. 1809), treatises of various contents (1804), morning and evening prayers (1832), Christian doctrine of faith (1845), basic principles of the doctrine of the soul from holy scriptures (1857), interpretation of the letter to the Romans (1860), Two treatises on justification and sanctification (1860), Litterae salutatoriae sub auspicium officii Decanalis (1767), in: Blätter für württ. Church History 5 (1890), Prayers by Roos (1912)

In the sixth edition of the “Introduction to the Biblical Stories”, third volume, published in 1857, a directory lists the 56 Roos writings that have appeared up to that point (pp. 360–362).

Honors

Epitaph, town church Sulz am Neckar
Memorial plaque, Anhausen Monastery an der Brenz

In Sulz am Neckar , a plaque commemorates Roos on the house where he was born, as does an epitaph in the town church.

In 1981, out of gratitude for the work of Roos's writings in Sweden, a memorial plaque was attached to the prelature building in the former monastery of Anhausen an der Brenz by Swedish Lutherans .

Digitized works

literature

  • Heinrich Döring : The learned theologians of Germany in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries . Verlag Johann Karl Gottfried Wagner, Neustadt an der Orla, 1833, Vol. 3, pp. 633-636, online
  • Roos:  Roos, Magnus Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, pp. 145-148.
  • O. Schmoller: Circular letter from Magnus Friedrich Roos , in: Blätter für württ. Church History 5 (1890) 78-80; 6 (1891) 21-24, 55 f .; 7 (1892) 31 f.
  • Karl Hult: Magnus Frederic Roos, En Lifsbild från Württembergska Kyrkan under 1700-Talet , Lund 1902
  • Gunnar Rosendal: Rätte Lärare , Stockholm 1931
  • Bo Giertz: ... and quite a few fell on the rock , Göttingen 1952
  • Helge Brattgård : Bibles ochomanniskan i Magnus Friedrich Roos' teologi - en systematisk studie i württembergpietismen CWK Gleerup, Lund 1955
  • Julius Roesle: From Bengel to Blumhardt , Metzingen 1959
  • Dorothee Zeiher: Magnus Friedrich Roos. A Wuerttemberg Pietist between villains and the revival movement , church history. Final thesis, Tübingen, 1977
  • Bengt Hägglund: History of Theology , Ein Abriß, Munich 1990
  • Priscilla A. Hayden-Roy: A Foretaste of Heaven, Friedrich Hölderlin in the context of Württemberg Pietism , Amsterdam - Atlanta 1994
  • W. Raupp: Roos, Magnus Friedrich. In: Helmut Burkhardt and Uwe Swarat (ed.): Evangelical Lexicon for Theology and Congregation. 3, R. Brockhaus Verlag, Wuppertal 1994, ISBN 3417246431 , p. 1722
  • Hermann Ehmer:  Roos, Magnus Friedrich. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 8, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-053-0 , Sp. 647-649.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Katarina Lewis: Schartauansk kvinnofromhet i tjugonde seklet, en religionsetnologisk studie , Uddevalla 2008
  • Martin H. Jung: Roos, Magnus Friedrich. In: Hans Dieter Betz u. a. (Ed.): Religion in the past and present. Concise dictionary for theology and religious studies. 4th edition. 8, No. 7, UTB, Stuttgart October 8, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8252-8401-5 , Sp. 629.
  • Unlike Jarlert: MFRoos and Sweden - bibl. Complement or pietist. Corrective? With special consideration of his conversation books , in: Blätter für Württembergische Kirchengeschichte 108 / 109.2008 / 2009, pp. 393–408
  • Hans-Dieter Frauer: The Swabian Paradise , Marburg 2009
  • Anders Jarlert: Pietism and community in MFR's dialogue books , in: Pietism and community in Europe and North America, 1650-1850. Leiden 2010, pp. 307-328.
  • Anders Jarlert (Ed.): Magnus Friedrich Roos. A Württemberg theologian and Sweden. Lunds Universitets Kyrkohistorisca Arkiv, Lund 2011.
  • Hakon Langström: Med doft av salighet. Betraktelser av Magnus Friedrich Roos. Artos, Skellefteå 2017.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ MF Roos, Christian house book which morning and evening devotions on every day of the whole year together with attached (Hiller'schen songs) contains the author's life abstract , p. 9 life abstract in the 1860 edition in the Google book search
  2. ↑ Anhausen Monastery in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
  3. ^ Martin H. Jung: Roos, Magnus Friedrich . In: Hans Dieter Betz u. a. (Ed.): Religion in the past and present. Concise dictionary for theology and religious studies. 4th edition. 8, No. 7, UTB, Stuttgart October 8, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8252-8401-5 , Sp. 629.
  4. ↑ Cristina Priotto: Swabian with Europe-wide impact. Schwarzwälder Bote, April 19, 2011, accessed April 21, 2011 .
  5. ↑ Laidlaw, John. Quote from The Bible doctrine of man 1879, p. 306
  6. ↑ Yvonne Arras: Canadian Reverend translated Magnus Friedrich Roos and therefore visited Sulz. Südwest Presse, July 9, 2011, accessed July 13, 2011 .
  7. ↑ Cristina Priotto: Journey to the exploration of the theory of the soul. Schwarzwäelder Bote, July 15, 2011, accessed on July 18, 2011 .
  8. ^ Book of Seafarers' Talks . Broadcast on NDR June 13, 2010 - no longer available as video. Program notice Program notice
  9. ↑ Review in Allgemeine Literaturzeitung . from August 25, 1787
personal data
SURNAME Roos, Magnus Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German theologian
DATE OF BIRTH September 6, 1727
PLACE OF BIRTH Sulz am Neckar
DATE OF DEATH March 19, 1803
Place of death Anhausen