Spinosauroidea
| Spinosauroidea | ||||||||||||
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Reconstruction of an irritator |
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| Temporal occurrence | ||||||||||||
| Middle Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous ( Bathonian to Cenomanian ) | ||||||||||||
| 168.3 to 93.9 million years | ||||||||||||
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Worldwide |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Spinosauroidea | ||||||||||||
| Stromer , 1915 | ||||||||||||
The Spinosauroidea (also Megalosauroidea or Torvosauroidea ) are a group of theropod dinosaurs . They summarize the families of the Megalosauridae and Spinosauridae . A cladistic description of the taxon was made by Paul C. Sereno in 1998 and 2005. The Spinosauroidea are described in a stem-based definition as " Spinosaurus aegyptiacus and all taxa that share a younger ancestor than Passer domesticus (dem House sparrow) ".
The monophyly of this group is confirmed by features in the structure of the skull and humerus . While the Megalosauridae lived in the Jurassic , the Spinosauridae were predominantly inhabitants of the Cretaceous period .
The name Megalosauroidea is older, but for a long time it denoted a paraphyletic group according to today's knowledge , which is why the name Spinosauroidea is preferred today.
External system
Within the Theropoda, the Spinosauroidea belong to the Tetanurae ("stiff tails", due to the tail vertebrae connected by bone rods and thus stiffened) and are the sister group of the Avetheropoda , which are divided into the Carnosauria and the advanced Coelurosauria .
The systematic position of the Spinosauroidea shows the following cladogram :
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Internal system
The Spinosauroidea are divided into two subgroups, the mainly Jurassic Megalosauridae and the Spinosauridae, which lived mainly in the Cretaceous Period. Benson cladogram:
| Spinosauroidea |
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literature
- David B. Weishampel , Peter Dodson , Halszka Osmólska (eds.): The Dinosauria . 2nd edition. University of California Press, Berkeley CA et al. 2004, ISBN 0-520-24209-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Paul Sereno: Spinosauroidea. (No longer available online.) In: Taxon Search. Archived from the original on May 31, 2012 ; Retrieved April 28, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Roger BJ Benson, Matthew T. Carrano, Stephen L. Brusatte: A new clade of archaic large-bodied predatory dinosaurs (Theropoda: Allosauroidea) that survived to the latest Mesozoic. In: Natural Sciences . Vol. 97, No. 1, 2010, pp. 71-78, doi : 10.1007 / s00114-009-0614-x .
