Melid
Coordinates: 38 ° 22 ′ 55 ″ N , 38 ° 21 ′ 40 ″ E
Melid (Urartian: Melitela, Akkadian: Meliddu; today's Arslantepe ) was a since the 2nd millennium BC. Existing settlement in Asia Minor and already well known to the Hittites . After the fall of the Hittite Empire, the Neo-Hittite Empire Kammanu was ruled in the capital Melid by the descendants of Kuzi-Teššub of Karkemiš , a grandson of Šuppiluliuma II. , The last ruler of the Hittite Empire, and played an important role in trade during this period. His ruling dynasty was initially still subject to Talmi-Teššub or his son Kuzi-Teššub von Karkemiš and became an independent state as an inheritance.
Position and extent
The territory covered the plain from Malatya on the western bank of the Euphrates to Elbistan . It bordered in the east on Išuwa , Turira and Urartu , in the west on Tabal and in the south on Kummuh and Gurgum .
history
The settlement of Arslantepe itself goes back to the Eneolithic period. Very early signs of agriculture and cattle breeding have been discovered in this area.
Assyrian campaigns are under Shalmaneser III. (844, 836, 835) occupied. Under Tiglat-Pileser III. the city was subject to tribute until Sargon II handed the city over to the king of Kummuh. From 708 the Assyrians ruled directly, but this only lasted until 705. Campaigns against Melid are recorded under Sennacherib and Asarhaddon . Eventually the capital was burned down by the Assyrians. An inscription by the Urartian King Menua in Palu mentions MAT mat Hati (na) under the rule of King Sulehawali. Argišti I. mentions a son of Tuate as ruler of Melitela.
Ruler
As rulers are handed down:
- Kuzi-Teššub (King of Karkemiš ), around 1200 / early to mid-12th century
- PUGNUS-mili I., son of Kuzi-Teššub, later 12th century
- Runtiya, son of PUGNUS-mili I., later 12th century
- Arnuwanti I., brother of Runtiya, later 12th century
- PUGNUS-mili II / Allumari , son of Arnuwanti I, around 1100 / late 12th to early 11th century, at the same time as ( Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I. )
- Arnuwanti II, son of PUGNUS-mili II, late 12th to early 11th century
- PUGNUS-mili III.?, Possibly 11th or early 10th century, if at all
- CRUS + RA / I-sa (Taras?), Possibly 11th to 10th century
- Wasu (?) Runtixa, son of CRUS + RA / I-sa, possibly 11th to 10th century
- Halpasulupi, son of Wasu (?) - Runtija, possibly 11th to 10th century
- Suwarimi ?, possibly 11th or 10th century
- Mariti, son of Suwarimi, possibly 11th or 10th century
- Lalli, min. 853 to 835
- Opponent of Hamath's Zakur , early 8th century
- Šahu (Sahwi?), Early 8th century
- Hilaruada ( Sa (?) Tiruntiya ?), Son of Šahu, approx. 784/780 to 760
- ŠIRZI (reading unclear)
- Sulumal (Sulehawali), 743 to 732
- Tuate
- Gunzinanu, ca.720/719
- Tarhunazi , about 719 to 712
- Mugallu, 675-651
- ... ussi, son of Mugallu, approx. 640
literature
- John Garstang: Samuḫa and Malatia. Journal of Near Eastern Studies , 1942, No. 1, Vol 4, pp. 450-459.
- John David Hawkins : Hieroglyphic Hittite Inscriptions of Commagene. Anatolian Studies , 1970, No. 20, pp. 69-110.
Individual evidence
- ^ Richard David Barnett: Hittite hieroglyphic Texts at Aleppo . In: Iraq 10/2, 1948, p. 129
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, ISBN 978-0-19-964667-8 , pp. 302 f.
- ^ Christian Marek, Peter Frei: History of Asia Minor in antiquity . Munich 2010, pp. 803-804.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, ISBN 978-0-19-964667-8 , p. 303.
- ↑ a b c d e Christian Marek, Peter Frei: History of Asia Minor in antiquity . Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-406-59853-1 , p. 804.
- ↑ a b c Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, ISBN 978-0-19-964667-8 , p. 304.