Michael I (Patriarch)

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Michael I. Kerularios, Chronicle of Johannes Skylitzes

Michael I. Kerularios ( Middle Greek Μιχαήλ Α΄ Κηρουλάριος , also Kerullarios ; * around 1000 in Constantinople ; † January 21, 1059 ) was Patriarch of Constantinople from March 25, 1043 to November 2, 1058.

Life

In 1054 he had a dispute with the envoy of Pope Leo IX. on religious practices that have been different from those of the Roman Catholic Church for centuries , particularly the use of unleavened bread in the Eucharist . The ambassadors under the leadership of Humbert de Silva Candida excommunicated him, and he in turn excommunicated them, which triggered the Eastern Schism . The schism ended the collaboration between (Byzantine) emperor and pope and led later popes to ally themselves with the Normans against Byzantium.

The excommunication was not until 1965 by Pope Paul VI. and the Patriarch Athinagoras repealed when they met at the Second Vatican Council .

Michael also quarreled with the Emperor Isaak Komnenos over his confiscation of church property. He was accused of wearing purple gaiters that were only available to the emperor. Perhaps he had also tried to help his relative Konstantinos Dukas to become emperor. On the orders of the emperor he was arrested in autumn 1058 and exiled to Prokonnesos . When he refused to abdicate, Michael Psellos wrote a pamphlet that accused him of heresy and treason in great detail . Isaac was planning the impeachment and dismissal of Michael when Michael died suddenly in 1059 without ever claiming that he had been murdered.

literature

  • Jean-Claude Cheynet: Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963-1210) (= Publications de la Sorbonne. Series Byzantina Sorbonensia. Vol. 9). Reimpression. Publications de la Sorbonne Center de Recherches d'Histoire et de Civilization Byzantines, Paris 1996, ISBN 2-85944-168-5 , pp. 51-52 No. 50, p. 64 No. 73, p. 70 No. 81.
  • F. Tinnefeld: Michael I. Kerullarios, Patriarch of Constantinople (1043-1058) , in: Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 39 (1989) 95–127.
  • Hans Thurn (Hrsg.): The Age of the Macedonian Dynasty, Part 1: End of the Pictorial Controversy and Macedonian Renaissance, based on the historical work of Johannes Skylitzes . Byzantine historians 15, Graz 1983, 644.
  • Georgios Fatouros :  Michael I. Kerullarios. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 5, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-043-3 , Sp. 1447-1450.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Rainer Walther: Michael I. Kerullarios , in: Biographical Lexicon for the History of Southeast Europe . Vol. 3. Munich 1979, p. 182
predecessor Office successor
Alexios I. Patriarch of Constantinople
1043-1059 		Constantine III
personal data
SURNAME Michael I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Michael Kerularios; Michael I. Kerullarios; Michael Cerularius; Michael Keroularios; Μιχαήλ Α΄ Κηρουλάριος
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Patriarch of Constantinople
DATE OF BIRTH around 1000
PLACE OF BIRTH Constantinople
DATE OF DEATH January 21, 1059