Michael Palatine

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Michael Pfalzgraf (* 1867 in Windischeschenbach , † 1942 in Penzberg ) was a German trade unionist. During the revolution in Bavaria , Count Palatine was Chairman of the People's Council (1918/19) in the city of Penzberg. At that time it was much more important than it is today due to mining, and at that time it already had almost 6000 inhabitants.

Life and accomplishments

Pfalzgraf was a master tailor and came to Penzberg from Munich in 1892. He first worked as a mine tractor, then registered as a tailor's trade and later ran a bakery. At this time, the mining town of Penzberg grew disproportionately due to coal mining . Due to the economic importance of Penzberg for the then Kingdom of Bavaria, the activities of the Pfalzgraf in Penzberg and Hausham , another important location for coal mining in southern Bavaria, had a supraregional influence on socio-political and societal decisions. Pfalzgraf took the poor living conditions of the miners as an opportunity to found the first miners' union in Penzberg on February 1, 1898, together with the later Penzberg mayor Hans Rummer. He called it the "Association for the Protection and Promotion of Mining Interests for Upper Bavaria". Pfalzgraf recognized the need for supraregional cooperation. In particular, he was always careful to ensure that the miners from the two Penzberg and Hausham collieries were treated equally. He used a complex method of action to improve as many areas of the miners' lives as possible.

In the same year he founded the first reading club for the workforce of the mine and their families in Penzberg with the aim of better informing the population and thus increasing the level of education of the residents. Here, too, there were close agreements with the miners from the mine in Hausham.

In order to improve the living conditions of the miners, he organized a large protest meeting on March 17, 1901, which turned against the customs policy of the Reich government and thus actively directed against usury prices and the levied grain tariffs. This event is considered to be the immediate trigger for the founding of the Social Democratic Party in Penzberg.

On April 1, 1901, Pfalzgraf founded the local association of the Social Democratic Party of Germany and organized the first May celebrations in Penzberg. Pfalzgraf was significantly involved in the realization of the "politicized street" from 1901 onwards. This street parliament, the direct participation of the population, was an achievement of the industrial commune, in which Pfalzgraf played an essential part.

Already at this time, Count Palatine was in a lively exchange of information and opinions with the Bochum miners' leaders and later members of the Reichstag, Otto Hue and Fritz Husemann . With these he held several large meetings, for the first time in May 1899, in which up to 800 people took part. Pfalzgraf also campaigned for equal rights for women and organized the first public women's assembly in Penzberg in 1902, which was also one of the first in Bavaria.

At the end of 1910, Pfalzgraf organized the first Penzberg miners' strike with the participation of the trade unionist Fritz Husemann from Bochum. As a union leader in 1910, he was also involved in direct negotiations and mediation with Mr. Spray from the Oberbergamt in Munich, which ultimately led to the mining company largely accepting the demands of the miners in Penzberg and Hausham. The labor dispute concerned the enforcement of the eight-hour working day and the demand for higher wages.

On March 13, 1910, Pfalzgraf founded the “Allgemeine Konsumverein ” - the first department store in Penzberg for the workers. This cooperative association made it possible for the workers to buy groceries and other basic necessities cheaply in “Konsum”. This measure significantly improved the quality of life of the miners, especially as the number of sales outlets increased steadily, which ultimately extended to five Upper Bavarian districts (Weilheim, Bad Tölz, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Wolfratshausen and Starnberg). For this exclusive purchase right, the co-operative member, who could only become a buddy, had to pay a deposit of 30 marks.

In 1912 Count Palatinate became a local councilor and worked in this function to improve the living conditions of the workers. His application to the local council in 1918 to pass a municipal constitution resulted in the granting of city ​​rights to Penzberg on March 1, 1919. As a result, Count Palatine became city councilor and second mayor of Penzberg in 1919.

During the revolution in Bavaria in 1918, Pfalzgraf took over the chairmanship of the People's Council in Penzberg. This function corresponded to that of a first mayor. In this office he kept in close contact with the Munich People's and Soldiers' Council Kurt Eisner .

Immediately after the National Socialists came to power in 1933, Pfalzgraf lost his offices and functions.

literature

  • Martin Broszat , Elke Fröhlich , Anton Grossmann (eds.): Bavaria in the Nazi era. Volume 4: Martin Broszat: Rule and Society in Conflict. Part C. Oldenbourg, Munich et al. 1981, ISBN 3-486-42391-6 .
  • Otto Hue : The miners. Historical representation of the conditions of miners from the oldest to the most recent times. 2 volumes. Dietz, Stuttgart 1910–1913 (reprint. With an introduction to the reprint by Hans Mommsen . Dietz, Berlin et al. 1981, ISBN 3-8012-2181-4 ).
  • Alois Kapsberger: 60 years of miners' union in Penzberg and Hausham 1898–1958. Self-published 1958 [typewritten, 140 p.].
  • Karl Luberger: History of the city of Penzberg. 3rd supplemented edition. City of Penzberg, Penzberg 1985.
  • Klaus Tenfelde : Proletarian Province. Radicalization and resistance in Penzberg / Upper Bavaria 1900–1945. Revised and expanded edition. Oldenbourg, Munich et al. 1982, ISBN 3-486-50701-X (also: Munich, Univ., Habil-Schr., 1980/81).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alois Kapsberger: 60 years of miners' union in Penzberg and Hausham 1898-1958 , self-published [typewritten], p. 44.
  2. ↑ See women's protest from 1910 about the very poor living conditions in: Andre Liebe: The little shepherdess and five giant geese , from The Yellow Sheet , Penzberg edition, from September 11, 2010, p. 4, with reference to the Penzberger Tagblatt from 7. September 1910.
  3. ↑ Karl Luberger: history of the city Penzberg ., 1985
  4. ↑ Martin Broszat, Elke Fröhlich and Anton Grossmann (eds.): Bavaria in the Nazi era, Volume 4, Dominance and Society in Conflict, Part C, 1981, p. 52.
  5. ↑ a b Alois Kapsberger: 60 years of miners' union in Penzberg and Hausham 1898-1958 , self-published [typewritten], p. 49.
  6. ^ A b Max Kapfer: The bakery on the "politicized street" , SZ from January 31, 2000, local edition Penzberg, p. 7.
  7. ↑ Otto Hue: Die Bergarbeiter - Historical representation of miners' relationships from the oldest to the most recent times , 2 volumes, Stuttgart 1910 and 1913, quoted from the reprint 1981, p. 287
  8. ↑ Alois Kapsberger: 60 Years of Miners' Union in Penzberg and Hausham 1898-1958 , self-published [typewritten], p. 41
  9. ↑ Alois Kapsberger: 60 Years of Miners' Union in Penzberg and Hausham 1898-1958 , self-published [typewritten], p. 82
  10. ↑ Der Staltacher Hof: 1900-1902, a documentation - a contribution to the founding history of the SPD in Penzberg, compiled by Dr. Reinhard Heydenreuter. - Ed .: Bürgerinitiative Staltacher Hof, Penzberg, 2001, page 15. (Note: typo on the title page, it SHOULD be 1900-2002!)
  11. ↑ Martin Broszat, Elke Fröhlich and Anton Grossmann (eds.): Bavaria in the Nazi era, Volume 4, Rule and Society in Conflict, Part C, 1981, p. 78.
  12. ↑ Klaus Tenfelde : Proletarian Province: Radicalization and Resistance in Penzberg / Upper Bavaria 1900-1945 , 1982, p. 52.
  13. ↑ a b Alois Kapsberger: 60 years of miners' union in Penzberg and Hausham 1898-1958 , self-published [typewritten], p. 105.
  14. ↑ Alois Kapsberger: 60 Years of Miners' Union in Penzberg and Hausham 1898-1958 , self-published [typewritten], p. 67.
  15. ^ A b Max Kapfer: The bakery on the "politicized street" , SZ from January 31, 2000, local edition Penzberg, page 7.
  16. ↑ Representation on the website of the SPD local association Dillingen ad Donau ( Memento of the original from January 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 15, 2011 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.spd-dillingen-donau.de
  17. ↑ Andre Liebe: The Christmas Miracle of Penzberg , from The Yellow Sheet , Penzberg Edition, December 29, 2010, p. 4.
  18. ^ Alois Kapsberger: 60 years of miners' union in Penzberg and Hausham 1898-1958 , self-published [typewritten], p. 92.
  19. ^ Bavarian State Ministry for Science, Research and Art: Revolution! Bavaria 1918/19 - "Penzberg" , website of the House of History  ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , last accessed on January 31, 2011.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.datenmatrix.de  
  20. ↑ Glückauf Bote of the Miners' Association Penzberg OB e. V., No. 9/2009 of May 2009, p. 3, PDF doc. 1.39 MB.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Count Palatine, Michael
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German trade unionists and local politicians
DATE OF BIRTH 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Windischeschenbach
DATE OF DEATH 1942
Place of death Penzberg