Mikhail Mikhailovich Gromov
Michail Michailowitsch Gromow ( Russian Михаил Михайлович Громов , scientific transliteration Michail Michajlovič Gromov ; * February 12th July / February 24th 1899 greg. In Tver ; † January 22nd 1985 in Moscow ) was a Soviet pilot , colonel general of the aviator and hero the Soviet Union . Gromov tested practically every Soviet aircraft in the 1920s and was also referred to as "Aviator No. 1". Mainly he was responsible for the testing of the multi-engine types Andrei Tupolev .
Life
Gromov joined the Red Army in 1918 and was trained as a pilot at the Moscow Aviation School. He then trained as a pilot himself there as a pilot. He took part in the Russian Civil War as a pilot. He eventually became a flight instructor and test pilot at the Serpukhov flying school .
Gromow achieved particular fame through his long-haul flights. In 1925 he undertook a long-distance flight of about 7,000 km from Moscow to Beijing in a Tupolev ANT-3 , which was baptized in the name of proletarian . A year later, the same type made a 7,150-kilometer sightseeing flight with the stations Moscow - Paris - Rome - Vienna - Warsaw and back to Moscow. In 1929 there was also a sightseeing flight with a Tupolev ANT-9 over Western Europe, which led to Marseille. Finally, Gromov achieved the absolute distance record with a Tupolev ANT-25 without stopping over and returning to the launch site over 12,411 km with a flight from September 10 to 12, 1934, for which he was given the title Hero of the Soviet Union on September 28, 1934 (No. 8 and thus the first individual award). In 1937 a plane of the same type made a flight 10,148 km from Moscow via Siberia, the North Pole, Vancouver to San Jacinto in California. The crew also included the pilots Jumaschew (1902–1988) and Danilin (1901–1978). For this flight, Gromov received his second of a total of four Orders of Lenin and a professorship for development aid for aircraft and engines, and he was also the first Soviet pilot to receive the FAI's De la Vaulx Medal .
From 1937 he worked as a professor. From 1940 until the beginning of the Great Patriotic War , Gromov was head of the LII . During the Second World War , Gromow was initially the commander of an air division. A little later he was appointed Commander of the Kalinin Front Air Force . From May 1942 he was in command of the 3rd Air Army and from May 1943 to June 1944 of the 1st Air Army . After the war, Gromow was deputy commander of the long-distance air forces from 1946 to 1949 and then moved to the Ministry of Aviation. In 1955 he was finally transferred to the reserve with the rank of Colonel General. Gromov received several high honors (Hero of the Soviet Union, four Orders of Lenin, four Orders of the Red Banner , "Honored Aviator of the USSR") and was at times deputy of the Supreme Soviet . He was also the bearer of the Cross of the Legion of Honor .
Appreciation
The Mikhail Gromov University for Flight Research in Zhukovsky is named after him. The same applies to the Gromow Nunatakker in Antarctica.
literature
- Wilfried Copenhagen : Lexicon Soviet Aviation . Elbe-Dnjepr, Klitzschen 2007, ISBN 978-3-933395-90-0 .
Web links
- Article Michail Michailowitsch Gromow in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Gromow, Michail Michailowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Громов, Михаил Михайлович (Russian); Gromov, Michail Michajlovič (scientific transliteration) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | soviet pilot |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 24, 1899 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Tver |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 22, 1985 |
| Place of death | Moscow |