Mineral building material

A mineral building material is an inorganic, non-metallic building material made up of crystalline components. These can be natural minerals , such as natural stone , sand or loam , or a formed mixture of sifted or ground minerals, which is given the desired strength through the crystallization of binding agents ( anhydrite , quicklime , clay minerals , cement ) .

history

In addition to natural stone and clay, the traditional mineral building materials include ceramics , gypsum and lime mortar . Since the 18th century, concrete with cement as a binding agent has been increasingly used (see Roman cement , Portland cement ). More recent developments are the porous building materials such as aerated concrete , expanded clay or mineral foam insulation boards .

Use of language

In contrast to construction timber , metallic building materials, building glass , plastics and the composite materials made from them, we speak of “mineral building materials” . Within the mineral building materials, a distinction is made between the preformed (natural stone, brick) and the non-preformed (mortar). The binders are divided into hydraulic (Portland cement) and non-hydraulic (gypsum, lime).

Often that is dry from the mineral building materials with the addition of water distinction, because by this construction, the waiting time until the hardening of mortar unnecessary. A distinction is also made between mineral and organic binders or aggregates in mineral paints , plaster mortars and other types of mortar.

Construction waste consists of mineral building materials, otherwise one speaks of mixed construction waste.

literature

• Gustav Peter, Marc Ladner, René Muntwyler: Baustofflehre , Springer, Berlin 2013, p. 50. ISBN 9783322867834