Miskawaih

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Iran around the year 1000 ( Buwaihids , Samanid states and dependent areas, Sallarids and dependent areas, Ziyarid states)

Miskawaih (born around 932 in Rey , Iran ; died 1030 in Isfahan, Iran) was an early Persian philosopher , historian and philhellene .

Live and act

Little is known about his life. His ancestors come from Persia. He is said to have converted from Zoroastrianism to Islam . He was familiar with the Persian and Arabic languages , with Persian culture and Greek philosophy , medicine and natural science, and he was fond of poetry. Miskawaih opportunity the Persian physician, naturalist and philosopher had Avicenna in Hamedan to meet, was with Abu Haiyan al-Tawhīdī friends and belonged to the circle of scholars around the Bujiden wesir Ibn al-'Amid in Baghdad , he was librarian of the Library in Rey . He wrote on a variety of subjects including history , theology , philosophy, and medicine . His outstanding contribution is in the field of ethics and historiography.

His work on the purification of character, Tahdhīb al-achlāq , is one of the classics of Islamic ethics ( achlāq ). Later, Nasīr ad-Dīn at-Tūsī (1201–1274) took over parts of it in his work Aḫlāq an-Nāṣirī .

Miskawaih is the author of the great universal historical work Tajarib al-umam ( The Experiences of the Nations ), in which the author was able to rely on official documents and contacts with contemporaries. It is a comprehensive history of the world based on at-Tabarī's universal history and is considered a significant work of Islamic historiography.

Aside from the Arabs and Persians, Miskawai only counted the Indians and Byzantines among the civilized peoples. The west, Franconia, is not yet mentioned in his work.

He also wrote about spiritual medicine ( tibb-i-Ruhani ).

Works

See also

literature

  • C. Edmund Bosworth : “MESKAVAYH, ABU ʿALI AḤMAD,” Encyclopædia Iranica , online edition
  • Carl Brockelmann : History of the Arabic Written Tradition. 2016 ( partial online view )
  • Mohammed Arkoun : Contribution à l'étude de l'humanisme arabe au IVe-Xe siècle: Miskawayh, philosophe et historien. J. Vrin, 1970.
  • Elvira Wakelnig: Philosophy Reader from the Circle of Miskawayh. Cambridge University Press 2014; ISBN 9780521193610
  • Abdurrahman Badawi: “Miskawaih”, in: MM Sharif (Ed.): History of Muslim Philosophy , Vol. 1 , p. 469 ff.
  • Majid Fakhry : A History of Islamic Philosophy (Third Edition). Columbia University Press, New York 2004, chap. 6, p. 191 ff.
  • CA Qadir , Philosophy and Science in the Islamic World (Croom Helm, 1988, reprinted by Routledge, 1990)
  • Muhammad Abdul-Haq Ansari : The Ethical Philosophy of Miskawaih. 1964 digitized
  • Hamid Reza Yousefi: Introduction to Islamic Philosophy: The History of Thought from the Beginning to the Present. 2016
  • Hamid Reza Yousefi: The stages of thought: New horizons of philosophizing. 2013 ( partial online view )
  • Marcotte, Roxanne D .: "Ibn Miskawayh's Tartib al-Sa'ādāt (The Order of Happiness)", in: Langermann, Y. Tzvi (ed.): Monotheism and Ehitcs. Historical Monotheism and Ethics: Historical and Contemporary Intersections Among Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Leiden: Brill 2012

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Gotthard Strohmaier : Avicenna. Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-41946-1 , p. 140.
  2. ^ C. Edmund Bosworth (2002)
  3. ↑ cf. The Cambridge History of Moral Philosophy (2017), edited by Sacha Golob, Jens Timmermann, p. 159 f. in Google Book Search
  4. ↑ The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam (2014), edited by Salim Ayduz, Ibrahim Kalin , Caner Dagli ( p. 211 in the Google book search), for example, lists the following classics of Islamic ethics : “ al- Mawardi 's Adab al-Dunya wa'l-dīn, Ibn Hazm 's al-Akhlaq wa al-sir, Abu Nasr al-Tabarsi 's Makarim al-Akhlaq, Ibn Miskawayh's Tahdhib al-Akhlaq, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ' s Akhlāq-i Naṣīrī, Jalāl al-Dīn Dawwani 's Akhlāq-i Jalālī, Kinalizade Ali Efendi 's Akhlāq-i ʿAlaʿi ”and other works.
  5. ^ Gotthard Strohmaier: Avicenna. 1999, p. 140.
  6. ↑ TIBB-ı RÛHÂNÎ  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.diyanetislamansiklopedisi.com  
  7. ↑ CA Qadir, p. 200, note 8.
  8. ↑ IRIB: “Jawidan Cherad”, which contained the thoughts of Iranian, Indian, Arabic and Greek sages ”.
  9. ↑ cf. Khwaja Abdul Hamid: Ibn Maskawaih: a study of his Al-fauz al-asghar. 1946
personal data
SURNAME Miskawaih
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Miskawaih; Ibn Miskawayh; Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb; Ebn Meskavayh; Misikaiwei; Miskawayh; Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Yaqub ibn Miskawah; Ahmad Ibn Mohammad Ibn Yaqub; Ibn Moskawiy; Ebn Meskavayh; Ahmad Ibn-Muhammad Miskawaih
BRIEF DESCRIPTION islamic philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH at 932
DATE OF DEATH 1030
Place of death Isfahan, Iran