Mohsen Kadivar

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Mohsen Kadivar

Mohsen Kadivar (born June 8, 1959 in Fasa , Iran ) is a Shiite clergyman, philosopher, university teacher, writer and reform clergyman.

After dropping out of electrical engineering in Shiraz , he devoted himself to theology in order to do his doctorate in Qom , also under Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazeri , in the subjects of Islamic law (1997) and Islamic philosophy (1999). He then taught at the teaching staff in Qom.

His views on the two readings of the Koran, which were radical for the Iranian government system, brought him into confrontation with the regime in the late 1990s. On February 27, 1999, he was arrested, tried and sentenced to 18 months in prison for telling lies . Along with Hassan Yussefi Eshkevari, Kadivar is currently considered the most prominent spiritual critic of the Iranian system.

Public statement

In 2004, Kadivar described official Islam as one of the greatest barriers to democratization. The other Islam would be one of the most important factors in the transition to democracy in Iranian society:

There is no other solution than strengthening the other Islam .

Kadivar suggests dividing Islamic teaching into four sections. The first three immutable parts concern belief in God and the prophet, ethics, morality and prayer. The fourth section concerns the rules that organize people's coexistence: criminal and commercial law, for example, the relationship between men and women, gender equality and dress codes. These rules are changeable and have to change because the circumstances of the time also change.

Demand for the removal of the Iranian head of state

In a letter to the chairman of the Expert Council , Ali Akbar Hāschemi Rafsanjāni , Kadivar called for the removal of the revolutionary leader Ali Khamene'i . Kadivar justified this with the fact that the head of state systematically tried to prevent the assembly of experts from fulfilling their duties and tasks. In the open letter, Kadivar described Khamene'i as a despot who "blatantly disregarded the laws and constitution as well as the rights of citizens and contravened the principles of Islam".

Works

Of nine books published by Kadivar, four deal with political theology, including an important treatise on 1998 in Tehran

The theories of the state of Shiite jurisprudence (Nazariyeh-haye Doulat dar Fiqh-h e Shi'eh)

Kadivar differentiates the state of Schia in a) four temporal typologies:

  • Appointed authority of the legal scholar in religious matters (Sharia) together with the monarchy authority of the Muslim rulers in secular matters. Approves: Mohammad Bagher Majlesi, Mirza-ye Ghomi, Seyed Kashfi, Sheikh Fazlollah Nuri , Ayatollah Abdolkarim Haeri Yazdi .
  • General stipulated authority of legal scholars. Supported: Mullah Ahmad Naraghi, the Ayatollahs Hossein Borudscherdi , Mohammad Reza Golpayegani , Ruhollah Khomeini and Sheikh Mohammad Hassan Najafi before the Iranian revolution.
  • General stated authority of the Council of the Source of Imitation ( Velayat-e faqih ). Supports: the Ayatollahs: Abdollah Javadi Amoli, Mohammad Beheschti , Taheri Khorram Abadi.
  • Absolute stipulated authority of the lawyer ( Marja-e taqlid ). Approves: Ayatollah Khomeini after the Iranian revolution.

And b) five democratic typologies with divine legitimacy:

  • Constitutional status quo, with the permission and supervision of jurisprudence. Advocates: Esma'il Mahallati, the Ayatollahs: Mazandarani, Ali Tehrani , Tabataba'i, Khorasani, Na'ini
  • Popular guided tour together with clerical supervision. Advocate: Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr
  • Elected limited power of attorney of jurisprudence. Endorsed: Ayatollah Motahhari and Montazeri
  • Islamically chosen status quo. Approves: Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr
  • Collective government by Islamic scholars. Approves: Ayatollah Mehdi Ha'eri Yazdi

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, December 2007 34 (3), 317–329 ( Memento of the original from January 4, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kadivar.com
  2. ↑ Bahman Nirumand , Böll Foundation , August 2010: Iran Report 08/2010: Removal of the revolutionary leader required
personal data
SURNAME Kadivar, Mohsen
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Shiite clergyman
DATE OF BIRTH June 8, 1959
PLACE OF BIRTH Fasa , Iran