Mohammad Beheschti
Mohammad Hosseini Beheschti (also Mohammed Beheshti ; Persian محمد حسینی بهشتی; * October 24, 1928 in Isfahan ; † June 28, 1981 in Tehran ) was an Iranian politician , chairman of the Islamic Revolutionary Council and chief judge of Iran. He bears the honorary titles Ayatollah and Seyyed .
biography
Beheschti studied Islamic theology at the University of Tehran and under Allameh Tabatabaei in Qom . From 1965 to 1970 he was head of the Islamic Center on the Hamburg Outer Alster and thus a predecessor of Mohammed Chatami .
During the exile of Ruhollah Khomeini in France, Beheschti was one of the first members of the Revolutionary Council, was a liaison to the Islamic revolution and was appointed to the Ministry of Justice after February 12, 1979. Promoted by Khomeini to Chief Justice, he was also a founding member of the Islamic Republican Party (IRP) and became its first chairman.
Ali Tehrani described Beheschti in an interview as “the mastermind who unites all strings of power in his hands. The Radjai government is the hand of Beheshti, the parliament is the word Beheshtis, the militant clergy is the foot Beheshtis and the scholars of Qom are the brain of Beheshtis.
Apologetics
Beheschti dealt with Shiite apologetics, interpretations of the Savior and the question of the mardschaʿ-e Taghlid . Beheschti described the elementary tasks of the Iranian clergy in 1979 as follows:
"The dominant element will not be the mullahs, not the clergy, but the spiritual leaders, the Islamic ideologues."
He advocated a “pure” implementation of the rule of the legal scholars ( velayat-e faqih ) without separation of powers and without democratic approaches. This made him an ultra-hardliner even among the revolutionary mullahs .
attack
He was killed in a bomb attack on the headquarters of the IRP in Tehran along with 85 other parliamentarians, with the number of victims subsequently given as 72 to make a comparison with Husain ibn ʿAlī ( Battle of Karbala ). According to official historiography, the attack was carried out by the Volksmodschahedin . The Ayatollah Ali Tehrani , however, accused rival mullah groups of the assassination; The main perpetrator was a man named Mohammad Reza Kolahi Samadi ; the then rival Beheschtis Rafsanjani had left Beheschti's room a few minutes before the attack.
Posthumously
In addition to numerous streets, the former National University of Iran in Tehran, the “ Shahid Beheschti University for Medical Sciences and Health Services ” and Isfahan International Airport bear the name Shahid Beheschti (Arabic / Pers. Shahid : “ martyrs ”).
literature
- Hans Georg Ebert, Henner Fürtig, Hans-Georg Müller: The Islamic Republic of Iran. Akademie-Verlag Berlin 1987.
- Bahman Nirumand : Iran - behind the bars the flowers wither. Hamburg 1985, - ISBN 3-499-15735-7 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Muḥammad Bihištī in the catalog of the German National Library
- Interview by Beheschti on farsi, 1979, YouTube
Individual evidence
- ↑ AFP of June 26, 1981.
- ↑ Weekly magazine Der Spiegel , June 4, 1984: Those who do not fight will be shot. Ayatollah Tehrani on plans to conquer, the system of rule and diseases of the Persian warlord Khomeini ; Mirror talk by journalists A. Elias and H. Hielscher with Ali Tehrani .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Beheschti, Mohammad |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Beheschti, Sejjed Mohammed Hosseini; محمد حسینی بهشتی |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Iranian politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 24, 1928 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Isfahan |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 28, 1981 |
| Place of death | Tehran |