Mojzis Woskin-Nahartabi

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Mojzis Woskin-Nahartabi (name variants: Mojssej / Mojsch Woskin-Nehartabi; born December 16, 1884 in Nahartaw , today's Ukraine ; murdered in 1944 in Auschwitz concentration camp ) was a doctor of Hebrew, author, founder of the Hebrew private school " Techijja " in Leipzig and Hebrew Lecturer at the University of Halle-Wittenberg . He was one of the most important representatives of New Hebrew in the Weimar Republic .

Life and education

Woskin-Nahartabi grew up in a German-Jewish colony in southern Russia, today's Ukraine, in a peasant Jewish family. His maternal grandparents had emigrated to Palestine with the First Aliyah and died in Jerusalem . Woskin-Nahartabi studied at a German colonial school in Russia and a Talmud school in Lithuania and then switched to the teachers' college in Frankfurt am Main, where he studied from 1905 to 1908. At the same time he completed a course at the local preparatory school for rabbinical professions. In 1912 he obtained the higher education entrance qualification for German universities and moved to Berlin, where he matriculated for history and philosophy. There he studied with the ancient historians Eduard Meyer and Hermann Dessau , the medievalist Dietrich Schäfer and the sociologist Georg Simmel . He supplemented his studies at the university with courses at the Berlin University for the Science of Judaism with Ismar Elbogen , Eduard Baneth and Abraham Shalom Yahuda .

Since people with foreign citizenship had to leave Berlin during the Second World War , Woskin-Nahartabi went to Halle, where he worked until he emigrated to Prague in 1936. He lived in Leipzig, where he put the focus of his activist activities.

In 1929, Woskin-Nahartabi acquired German citizenship together with his wife Fanja Woskin-Nahartabi (born Mittelmann on August 1, 1892 in Mogilew), a doctor of medicine and practicing physiotherapist, and their two-year-old daughter Tamara. On February 5, 1934, the naturalization was revoked, whereupon the family appealed. On November 27th of the same year, your objection was given right and the revocation canceled.

On September 27, 1933, for anti-Semitic reasons, his "assignment to carry out the duties of a lecturer" under Section 3 of the so-called law for the restoration of the civil service was withdrawn from him. He continued to be employed as an "unskilled worker".

Hebrew

In 1921 Woskin-Nahartabi brought out a Hebrew reader for children under the title Liladenu , illustrated by Raphael Chamizer .

In Leipzig, Woskin-Nahartabi founded the first Hebrew private school in Germany in 1923 with the name “Techijja” (“revival”). Part of this school for adults and children was also a reform-pedagogical kindergarten, which worked according to the pedagogy of Friedrich Fröbel and Maria Montessori . The educational institution was financed by a school association independently of the municipality. In addition to Old and New Hebrew, Jewish history and literature as well as the geography of Palestine were taught. What is remarkable about his Hebrew pedagogy is that the language courses for modern Hebrew have always been supplemented by courses in the Arabic language.

Woskin-Nahartabi received his doctorate in 1924 from Carl Brockelmann and Hans Bauer on the development of the Hebrew language from its literary beginning to the completion of the scientific style , with a focus on the Middle Hebrew of the Mishnah and the Midrashim .

In 1926 he was appointed lecturer for rabbinical language and literature in Halle. Since autumn 1926, his teaching at the theological and philosophical faculties has also been paid.

Commitment to Jewish education in Leipzig and Prague

From 1925 Woskin-Nahartabi was a member of the education committee of the Israelite religious community in Leipzig. From 1935 he intensified his commitment and also worked on the parish board and in the choir "Hasamir" of the parish. When emigration from Saxony to Palestine increased from the end of the 1920s, his language courses at the "Techijja" school were popular with those who hoped to escape anti-Semitic persecution by emigrating. Woskin-Nahartabi himself tried unsuccessfully to get a job in Jerusalem.

In 1936 Woskin-Nahartabi was invited to Prague by the Supreme Council of the Jewish Communities in Czechoslovakia, where he offered language courses and organized lectures in the Jewish community there. Together with Dr. Otakar Kraus published a number of manuscripts there for the guidance of Jewish religious instruction: for Shavuot , for Tisha Be'Av , for Yom Kippur and other holidays, on Jewish songs, liturgy and other topics. He also headed the Rabbinical Proseminar in Prague, which celebrated its first graduation in 1938.

Theresienstadt

On July 13, 1943 Tamara, Fanja and Mojzis Woskin-Nahartabi were imprisoned and deported from Prague to Theresienstadt . Even there, Mojzis Woskin-Nahartabi offered Hebrew and Arabic language courses to prepare for a hoped-for aliyah to Palestine. His textbooks are preserved in Yad Vashem . He thus created the practical hope of still being able to emigrate to Palestine. Here, too, he supplemented the Hebrew courses with lessons in the Arabic language and lectures on Jewish history. Woskin-Nahartabi was thus also one of the pillars of the Theresienstadt education system.

In 1943 the SS had set up a book collection group in Theresienstadt, whose task it was to catalog the books of the public and private Jewish libraries and to prepare them for the sacking by the SS. Book stocks were brought to Theresienstadt from all over the empire and the conquered areas. In the ghetto, this group of up to 40 intellectuals was known as the "Talmud Command", and the Czech Judaist and book collector Otto Muneles was appointed as its head . Other well-known members of the group besides Woskin-Nahartabi were the Dutch historian Isac Leo Seeligmann , who, together with his father Sigmund Seeligmann , had to sort out his own library, which had been confiscated by the Nazis.

On October 19, 1944, the Woskin-Nahartabi family was deported to Auschwitz and murdered there.

Honor

In 2013, the University of Halle-Wittenberg dedicated a commemorative volume entitled "Excluded" to the professors who were dismissed in 1933 due to National Socialist ideology. Woskin-Nahartabi is also mentioned in detail. This was preceded by a research project under the direction of Prof. Friedemann Stengel.

In 2018-2019 the Woskin scholarship for doctorates in the Old Testament was awarded for the first time by the Theological Faculty in Halle.

Works

  • The development of the Hebrew language. From its literary beginning to the completion of the scientific style. Diss. Phil. Hall 1924 (MS).
  • לִילָדֵינוּ [Liladenu - FS]. For our children. Hebrew Reading book. By Mojssej Woskin-Nehartabi, illustrated by Raphael Chamizer. Leipzig 1921.

literature

  • Barbara Kowalzik: Teacher's Book. The teachers of the Leipzig Jewish School Works 1912–1942, presented in Biograms, ed. from the city of Leipzig. Leipzig 2006, 255-258.
  • Barbara Kowalzik: Jewish working life in the inner northern suburb of Leipzig 1900-1933, Leipziger Universitätsverlag 1999, 113-115.
  • CV in: MW-N .: The development of the Hebrew language. From its literary beginning to the completion of the scientific style. MS Diss. Phil. Hall 1924.
  • Erich Fascher: Great Germans encounter the Bible. A signpost for German Christians. 2nd edition Halle 1937, 116–126.
  • Friedemann Stengel (ed.): Excluded. The professors at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg who were dismissed from 1933-1945. Hall 2016, pp. 365 - 380.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Woskin-Nahartabi, Mojzis. Retrieved July 9, 2020 .
  2. ↑ a b Mojzis Woskin-Nahartabi - Followed German-speaking linguists. Retrieved July 9, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Mojžíš Woskin: Dr. Woskin-Nahartabi, dr. Otakar Kraus - guides for teaching religion . ( jewishmuseum.cz [accessed July 10, 2020]).
  4. ↑ Mojžíš Woskin: Dr. Woskin-Nahartabi, dr. Otakar Kraus - příručka pro církevní potřeby židovských náboženských obcí (Tiša be-av) . ( jewishmuseum.cz [accessed July 10, 2020]).
  5. ↑ Mojžíš Woskin: Dr. Woskin-Nahartabi, dr. Otakar Kraus - příručka pro církevní potřeby židovských náboženských obcí (Jom Kipur) . ( jewishmuseum.cz [accessed July 10, 2020]).
  6. ↑ písně per potřebu školní a soukromou (M. Woskin-Nahartabi a Otokar Kraus) . ( jewishmuseum.cz [accessed July 10, 2020]).
  7. ↑ písně per potřebu školní a soukromou (M. Woskin-Nahartabi a Otokar Kraus) . ( jewishmuseum.cz [accessed July 10, 2020]).
  8. ↑ neurčeno: Tablo prvních absolventů hebrejského pedagogia a rabínského prosemináře v Praze z roku 1938 . ( jewishmuseum.cz [accessed July 10, 2020]).
  9. ^ Arabic lessons in Theresienstadt | Through the Lens of Time - Small Exhibitions from the Yad Vashem Collections. Retrieved July 10, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Anders Rydell: The Book Thieves . Penguin Random House, New York 2018, p. 218-231 .
  11. ↑ Dismissed from service, expelled from the university. Retrieved July 10, 2020 .
  12. ↑ Old Testament. Retrieved July 10, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Woskin-Nahartabi, Mojzis
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Woskin-Nehartabi, Mojssej; Woskin-Nehartabi, Mojsch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hebraist
DATE OF BIRTH December 16, 1884
PLACE OF BIRTH Nahartaw , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH 1944
Place of death Auschwitz concentration camp