Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army
The former Mongolian People's Army ( Mongolian Монголын Ардын Арми or Монгол Ардын Хувьсгалт Цэрэг ) was in 1921 in the struggle for the defense of the independence of Mongolia and the revolution against Chinese ( Beiyang Army ) and Russian ( White Guard ) invaders founded. Until 1992, the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army was the official name of the Mongol Armed Forces .
War of Independence
After the country declared itself autonomous in 1911 , Outer Mongolia was first occupied by Chinese troops in 1918 and then, with Japanese help, conquered by the Russian White Army under Roman von Ungern-Sternberg in 1920 . After the conquest, local feudal lords and lamas allied with the occupiers. The People's Revolutionary Army was created by Mongolian revolutionaries under Damdin Süchbaatar and Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan to restore the country's independence. In 1921 the People's Revolutionary Army, with Soviet help, drove out the Chinese and the White Army.
Second World War
The Mongolian People's Republic remained allied with the Soviet Union and together the troops of the Red Army under Georgi Konstantinowitsch Zhukov and Mongolian troops under Choibalsan repulsed a Japanese-Manchurian attack on Chalchin Gol in 1939.
Soviet-Mongolian and Japanese-Manchurian associations met again in the final phase of World War II . As part of Operation Auguststurm , a Soviet-Mongolian mechanized cavalry group under Rodion Jakowlewitsch Malinowski and Choibalsan advanced as part of the decisive Transbaikal Front from the Gobi desert through Inner Mongolia and Manchuria to positions threatening Beijing could.
After Manchuria, which was illegally occupied by Japan in 1931 and the puppet state of Manchukuo established in this area, was recaptured in 1945, and the Second World War ended with the surrender of Japan , the Soviet Union gave the area a year in accordance with the Allied war aims ( Cairo Declaration ) later returned to the Republic of China .
Chinese civil war
During the Chinese Civil War after the end of World War II, Mongolian forces also intervened on the border with Xinjiang in 1947 . With Soviet help, the Mongolian Revolutionary People's Army fought national Chinese troops and allied Hui Chinese troops, was initially repulsed after initial successes and was finally able to gain the upper hand over the Chinese cavalry units by 1948 with the help of the Soviet-Mongolian air force.
Individual evidence
- ↑ John Keegan (Ed.): The Times Atlas Second World War . Bechtermünz Verlag, 1999, pp. 35 and 198 f.
- ↑ AM Samsonow, Alfred Anderle : History of the USSR 1917-1977 . Volume 2 (1941-1977). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1977, p. 514.