Monolluma
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The plant genus Monolluma belongs to the subfamily of the silk plants (Asclepiadoideae) in the family of the dog poison plants (Apocynaceae). The flowers of these succulent plants give off an unpleasant odor in some species.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Monolluma species grow as richly branched, stem, succulent , perennial plants . The succulent, 0.1 to 3 cm wide, green to light green, monochrome or with spots around the leaf rudiments (in Monolluma socotrana ), cylindrical shoot axes are smooth, have four sharp edges, reach heights of 3 to 50 cm and stand upright in Groups together. In Monolluma cicatricosa , Monolluma quadrangula and Monolluma socotrana , the shoot axes have a penetrating odor. They contain clear milky juice . The roots are fibrous.
The sessile, succulent leaves, usually reduced to 0.2 to 0.5 cm long, are ciliate at the edge and are durable. The stipules are reduced to a few hairs or missing (in Monolluma hexagona ).
Inflorescences and flowers
The sessile flowers are usually single or in pairs (with Monolluma hexagona five to 15 flowers together) more or less at the internodes, with Monolluma socotrana terminal, on smooth inflorescence axes, in simple, pseudo-gold inflorescences with early sloping, lanceolate bracts. The flowers , which smell unpleasant in Monolluma hexagona and Monolluma cicatricosa , and have a sweet smell in M. quadrangula are hermaphroditic, radial symmetry , five-fold with a double perianth . The five sepals are only fused at their base. The five 5 to 10 mm long, fleshy petals are flat to bell-shaped and only fused at their base or between one to three quarters of their length. The inside of the petals is white to yellow, green or reddish, monochrome or from purple to chestnut to reddish spotted, smooth, papilose, warty ( Monolluma hexagona ) or wrinkled ( Monolluma socotrana ). The outside of the petals is green. The yellow or purple corolla is divided into staminal and interstaminal corolla and can be hairy on the outside. The upright pollinia are egg-shaped or rectangular. There are two smooth, free, upper carpels . The scar head is white. Nectar is formed.
Fruits and seeds
The mostly in pairs, at an acute angle to each other (rarely more than 45 °, mostly almost parallel) arranged upright follicles are smooth, spindle-shaped to narrowly elliptical, with a diameter of 5 to 10 mm they are slender and ovoid in cross-section, without edges or triangular, i.e. triangular (with Monolluma quadrangula and Monolluma cicatricosa ) and often quite long at 7 to 10 cm. The light brown seeds are egg-shaped, about 7 to 10 mm long and about 4 to 6 mm wide. At the edge they have wings 1 to 1.5 mm wide and 1 to 3 cm long, pure white flying hairs.
Chromosome numbers
The chromosome numbers are 2n = 22 (examined in Monolluma cicatricosa and Monolluma socotrana ).
Systematics and distribution
The distribution area extends from northeast Africa over the Arabian Peninsula to the Socotra Archipelago. Ethiopia , Somalia , Saudi Arabia and Yemen are given as home countries .
The genus Caralluma R.Br. was divided into eight genera by Darrel Charles Herbert Plowes in 1995 and the genus Monolluma Plowes with only two species and the monotypical genera Cylindrilluma Plowes , Sanguilluma Plowes , Sulcolluma Plowes newly established. Type species is Monolluma quadrangula (Forssk.) Plowes . In 2002 Ulrich Meve and Sigrid Liede-Schumann put the three species of the monotypical genera Cylinderilluma Plowes , Sanguilluma Plowes , Sulcolluma Plowes to the genus Monolluma , which was expanded to five species.
The genus Monolluma belongs to the Subtribus Stapeliinae from the tribe Ceropegieae in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae within the family of the Apocynaceae .
There are currently five types of Monolluma :
- Monolluma cicatricosa (Deflers) Plowes ( Syn . : Boucerosia cicatricosa Deflers ): It occurs in Yemen.
- Monolluma hexagona (Lavranos) Meve & Liede (Syn .: Sulcolluma hexagona (Lavranos) Plowes , Caralluma hexagona Lavranos ): It occurs on the Arabian Peninsula.
- Monolluma quadrangula (Forssk.) Plowes (Syn .: Stapelia quadrangula Forssk. ): It occurs on the Arabian Peninsula.
- Monolluma socotrana (Balf. F.) Meve & Liede (Syn .: Sanguilluma socotrana (Balf. F.) Plowes , Caralluma socotrana (Balf. F.) NEBr. , Boucerosia socotrana Balf. F. ): She comes to Socotra and from eastern and southern Ethiopia to Kenya.
- Monolluma solenophora (Lavranos) Meve & Liede (Syn .: Cylinderilluma solenophora (Lavranos) Plowes ): It occurs from southwestern Saudi Arabia to southern Yemen.
swell
- Sigrid Liede-Schumann & Ulrich Meve: The Genera of Asclepiadoideae, Secamonoideae and Periplocoideae (Apocynaceae) , 2006: On the genus Monolluma - Online at INTKEY databases of the DELTA System . (Section description and systematics)
- Ulrich Meve & Sigrid Liede-Schumann: A molecular phylogeny and generic rearrangement of the stapelioid Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae). , in Pl. Syst. Evol. , 234, 2002, pp. 171-209.
- Ulrich Meve & Sigrid Liede-Schumann: Subtribal division of Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) , in Taxon , Volume 53, 2004, pp. 61-72.
Individual evidence
- ^ Darrel Charles Herbert Plowes: A reclassification of Caralluma R. Brown (Stapelieae: Asclepiadaceae). in Haseltonia , 3, 1995, pp. 49-70.
- ↑ Ulrich Meve & Sigrid Liede-Schumann: A molecular phylogeny and generic rearrangement of the stapelioid Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae). in Pl. Syst. Evol. , 234, 2002, pp. 171-209.
- ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Monolluma - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on November 8, 2017.