Cranberry Clam
| Cranberry Clam | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cranberry fly ( Carsia sororiata ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Carsia sororiata | ||||||||||||
| ( Huebner , 1813) |
The cranberry fly ( Carsia sororiata ), also called cranberry fly or swamp fly , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the flyers (Geometridae).
features
The moths have a wingspan of 22 to 24 millimeters (20 to 30 millimeters). The basic color of the front wings is slate gray, light gray to white gray. Two distinctive, broad lines cross the front wing. They are light brown, brown to blackish brown. The inner transverse line is almost straight, the outer transverse line is curved with two outwardly pointing prongs. In the subspecies occurring in Central Europe (ssp. Imbutata ), a brownish-yellowish to reddish-brown field adjoins the peaks of the outer transverse line. Further, very fine transverse lines can be found towards the roots and also in the border area outside. In some examples, the two lines can be connected by a "bridge" in the rear half of the wing. The fringes are alternately light and dark. An apical line extends from the apex to the reddish brown field.
Egg, caterpillar and pupa
The oval egg is initially whitish, later yellowish in color. The surface is covered with an irregular mesh pattern. The rosette of the micropyle shows eight leaves.
The caterpillar is red-yellow to brownish-red and has a fine, dark back line and equally thin side back lines. The yellow side stripes are relatively wide and have red spots in the incisions of the middle segments. The spiracles are lined with yellow rings.
The slender doll is yellowish brown and has a reddish abdomen. The wing sheaths have a forked extension.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species has a vast area ranging from Labrador (eastern Canada) across the North American continent, northern Asia to the British Isles . In northern Europe the distribution area extends to northern Russia and northern Fennoscandia , in the south to the Carpathian Mountains , Hungary and Transylvania and to the central Alps and the Swiss Jura .
It only lives in raised bogs and peat bogs rich in dwarf shrubs . In Baden-Wuerttemberg the species has been proven up to about 1000 meters above sea level. In the Alps they occur in the moors of the Central Alps.
Way of life
The cranberry sprout forms one generation a year; the moths fly from June to August. They are predominantly active during the day and at twilight, but also come to light at night. The caterpillar only eats common cranberries . They are found on food plants ( Vaccinium oxycoccos ) from April to late June / early July . The egg hibernates.
Systematics and taxonomy
The species was first scientifically described in 1813 by Jacob Huebner as Geometra sororiata . Today it belongs to the genus Carsia Hübner, 1825. The type species of this genus is Geometra imbutata Hübner, 1813, a taxon that is now considered a subspecies of Carsia sororiata . In the older literature the taxon is also referred to as Anaitis paludata Thunberg, 1788. Phalaena paludata Thunberg, 1788 is a younger homonym of Phalaena paludata Linnaeus, 1758 and is therefore invalid. The following subspecies are currently being excreted:
- Carsia sororiata sororiata , the nominate subspecies, in Northern Europe
- Carsia sororiata imbutata (Hübner, 1813), Central Europe
- Carsia sororiata anglica Prout, 1937, British Isles
- Carsia sororiata alpinata Packard, 1873, North America
- Carsia sororiata labradoriensis (Summer, 1897), Labrador
- Carsia sororiata thaxteri Swett, 1917, Newfoundland
- Carsia sororiata columbia McDunnough, 1939, North America
Danger
The species is considered critically endangered in Germany (category 1).
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Red Lists at Science4you
- ^ A b Karl Eckstein: The butterflies of Germany, 4th volume, The tensioners and the bear-like butterflies. KG Lutz Verlag, Stuttgart, 1923 (p. 17, as Anaitis paludata )
- ↑ Leraut (2009: p. 717/8)
- ↑ UK moths - website of Ian Kimber ( memento of the original from August 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (see anglica Prout, 1937!)
- ↑ a b c d Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p. 72)
- ↑ Ebert (2001: p. 466–8)
literature
- Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/1: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378403 .
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 8. Moth VI (Geometridae 1st part). Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3497-7
- Manfred Koch , Wolfgang Heinicke, Bernd Müller: We determine butterflies. Volume 4: Spanner. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1976, DNB 780451570 , pp. 94-95.
- Patrice Leraut: Moths of Europe. Volume II. Geometrid moths. NAP Editions 2009, ISBN 978-2-913688-09-4
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
Web links
- Lepiforum eV photos
- Carsia sororiata at Fauna Europaea
- European Butterflies - Chris Jonko website
- euroleps.ch - Website by Heiner Ziegler
- habitas.org ( Carsia sororiata anglica )