Morgan ap Hywel
Morgan ap Hywel (also called Morgan of Caerleon ) († before March 15, 1248 ) was a Welsh lord of Gwynllŵg and Caerleon in Gwent .
origin
Morgan ap Hywel was a son of Hywel ab Iorwerth , who, as the Welsh Lord of Caerleon, was able to maintain a certain autonomy under the Anglo-Norman rule in south-east Wales. After his father's death in 1216, Morgan inherited his possessions, which included Caerleon, Edlwgant and Llefenydd in western Gwent . He held this as a vassal of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke .
Life
When the French Prince Ludwig claimed the English throne in the War of the Barons in 1216 and landed with an army in England, Morgan tried to take advantage of this and recapture part of the empire of his ancestors. He attacked Striguil , a reign of his liege lord William Marshal in Gwent. However, after Marshal defeated the French at the Battle of Lincoln and Ludwig had to make the Peace of Lambeth and leave England in September 1217 , Marshal's forces captured Caerleon Castle , Morgan's headquarters. Morgan continued his fight from Make Castle , but on March 11, 1218 he had to accept a contract in Worcester in which he renounced Caerleon that fell to Marshal. Over the next several years, Morgan tried hard to get Caerleon back. He tried to sue his claim in court, but had little chance against the powerful marshals. Although he achieved that Caerleon was administered directly by the king between 1223 and 1226, he had to formally renounce Caerleon again in 1227 against William Marshal II . Another opportunity to get Caerleon back came when William Marshal's heir and brother Richard won the favor of King Henry III of England . lost and in 1233 an open rebellion began. As the only one of the South Welsh lords, Morgan fought on the side of the king against Richard Marshal and devastated his possessions in Gwent. The King assured Morgan on August 26th that he would only make a peace with Marshal if Morgan were included in that peace. Morgan was able to get his claim to Caerleon upheld around October 13th before the royal court in Hereford , but peace with Marshal was not achieved. In the civil war that followed, Morgan continued to support the king, who on January 2, 1234, offered Morgan a marshal-occupied property in southern England, as long as he did not get Caerleon back. The rebellion finally failed with the death of Richard Marshal in April 1234. However, his brother and heir Gilbert refused to hand over Caerleon to Morgan. Only when both the King and Prince Llywelyn intervened from Iorwerth , Morgan received Caerleon back in early 1236. For this Morgan ap Hywel had to swear allegiance to Prince Llywelyn. Despite further hostility from Gilbert Marshal, Morgan remained Lord of Caerleon until his death. After the death of Prince Llywelyn from Iorwerth in 1240, Morgan was the only Welsh ruler, alongside the Princes of Powys , Gruffydd Maelor ap Madog and Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn , to side with the English in the Anglo-Welsh War from 1244 .
Morgan ap Hywel died childless, his heir became his relative Maredudd ap Gruffudd .
Historian David Crouch describes Morgan ap Hywel's life as the logical continuation of the policies of his father and grandfather, who, as descendants of Welsh princes, allied with the English and became increasingly Anglicized instead of submitting to the leading Welsh dynasties of Deheubarth or Gwynedd .
literature
- David Crouch: Morgan ap Hywel. In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004
Web links
- Robert Thomas Jenkins: Morgan ap Hywel (Dictionary of Welsh Biography, National Library of Wales)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sidney Painter: William Marshal. Knight-errant, baron, and regent of England . Univ. of Toronto Press, Toronto 1992. ISBN 0-8020-6498-1 , pp. 253f
- ↑ RF Walker: The supporters of Richard Marshal, earl of Pembroke, in the rebellion of 1233-1234 in: Welsh History Review / Cylchgrawn Hanes Cymru , 17 (1994-95), p. 64
- ^ Michael Altschul: A baronial family in medieval England. The Clares . The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore 1965, p. 65
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Morgan ap Hywel |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Morgan of Caerleon |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Welsh Lord of Caerleon |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 12th Century |
| DATE OF DEATH | before March 15, 1248 |