Caerleon Castle
| Caerleon Castle | ||
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 The ruin of the Hanbury Tower |
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| Creation time : | 11th century | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 36 '33.5 " N , 2 ° 56' 58.3" W | |
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Caerleon Castle is a ruined castle in Wales . Listed as a Scheduled Monument , the ruin is one of the oldest and largest moth- type castles in South Wales. The ruin is in the middle of Caerleon , which is now a district of Newport to the west .
history
The Welsh Kingdom of Gwent was conquered by the Normans towards the end of the 11th century after the death of the last Welsh king Caradog ap Gruffydd . To secure his rule, Robert de Chandos, who had conquered the region from Owain Wan , the son of Caradog, built earth and wood fortifications on the north bank of the River Usk around 1085 . After the death of King Henry I of England , Caerleon and the neighboring Usk Castle were conquered by Morgan and Iorwerth from Owain , the sons of Owain Wan, during a Welsh uprising . The castle became the center of the Welsh rule of Caerleon. In 1171 Iorwerth lost the castle to King Heinrich II and his allied Lord Rhys , the Welsh prince of Deheubarth . A first attempt to recapture Iorwerth in the same year failed, but in 1173 he was able to recapture the castle. After Iorwerth's grandson Morgan ap Hywel tried to conquer the neighboring rule Striguil from William Marshal , the latter conquered the castle in return in 1217 and had it expanded as a stone castle. In 1231 the castle was destroyed during a campaign by Llywelyn ap Iorwerth of Gwynedd . William Marshal's son Gilbert Marshal was forced to rebel against King Henry III after his brother Richard's rebellion . In 1236 the castle was returned to Morgan ap Hywel. After his death in 1248 the castle fell to Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford . After the death of his grandson Gilbert , the castle fell to his widow Maud and after her death in 1320 to Gilbert's sister Elizabeth de Clare . The castle had to be handed over to her brother-in-law Hugh le Despenser in 1322 . After he was executed as a traitor in 1326, the castle fell to the crown. In 1402 the castle was captured and destroyed by Rhys Gethin, a general Owain Glyndŵr , during his uprising . In 1466 William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke was appointed constable of Usk and Caerleon Castle. Caerleon Castle continued to deteriorate and was used as a quarry. In 1622 the former castle was leased by the Earl of Pembroke and sold to the tenants in 1732. The new owners built a mansion called Castle House or The Mynde with an adjoining garden on the site of the former castle . The former castle hill was included in the garden design, around 1840 the garden was walled.
Parts of the site of the former castle complex are now cut through by roads and partially built over.
investment
Only a few remains of the once mighty castle have survived. The large, almost 30 m high castle hill has been preserved, with a diameter of over 60 m at the base and around 25 m at the top. The castle hill was raised over the ruins of a Roman bath and was originally surrounded by its own moat. Access was through a gate secured by two towers at the foot of the hill. Today the hill is densely surrounded by trees and bushes and lies in a walled area. About 180 m to the south-west lies the Hanbury Tower , classified according to Category Grade II * , the ruins of a round tower built in the 13th century. For the construction of the tower, stones from the ancient Isca Silurum were sometimes used. The tower belonged to the southern section of the outer ring wall , which once covered an area of 150 by 50 m. Today the ruins of the tower border an old pub after which it was named.
Most of the former castle grounds are built over today. The former castle hill is on private property, but is partially visible from the road.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ancient Monuments: Caerleon Castle Mound. Retrieved December 5, 2013 .
- ^ David Walker: Medieval Wales . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990. ISBN 978-0-521-31153-3 , p. 96
- ↑ Robert Trett: A History of the Mynde House. Retrieved December 10, 2013 .
- ↑ Coflein: Caerleon Castle. Retrieved December 10, 2013 .
- ^ Gwent-Monmouthshire (The Buildings of Wales). Yale University Press, New Haven 2000. ISBN 0-300-09630-5 . P. 142
- ^ British listed Buildings: Tower to the south west of, and attached to, The Hanbury Arms, Caerleon. Retrieved December 10, 2013 .