House Dinefwr

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Medieval Kingdoms in Wales

The Dinefwr dynasty also house Dinefwr was one of the royal houses of Wales, which go back to Rhodri the Great ( Welsh Rhodri Mawr ), also Rhodri ap Merfyn Frych (Rhodri, son of Merfyn the Freckled) (* approx. 820; † 878). He was King of Gwynedd (844 to 878), King of Powys (854 to 878) and King of Seisyllwg (855 to 878) and thus ruler of much of Wales . After his death, his sons Anarawd ap Rhodri , King of Gwynedd (878-916) and Cadell ap Rhodri , King of Seisyllwg became the progenitors of two lines. The line of the elder son ruled the kingdom (later principality) of Gwynedd until 1283 (capture of Dafydd III, Prince of Gwynedd by King Edward I of England ).

Dinefwr Castle

The younger line to be treated here, which proceeds from Rhodri's younger son, Cadell ap Rhodri, was called the Dinefwr dynasty or English "House of Dinefwr". This derives its name from Dinefwr Castle (Burg Dinefwr), which was supposedly built in the 9th century by King Rhodri to secure his rule near the town of Llandeilo on the banks of the River Tywi in what is now Carmathenshire in Wales. Since his grandson, King Hywel Dda ap Cadell ap Rhodri, made the fortress Dinefwr his seat of government, its name became the name of the entire dynasty. This dynasty ruled the kingdom (later: principality) Deheubarth , which King Hywel Dda had created by amalgamating the Welsh kingdoms of Seisyllwg and Dyfed in the first decade of the tenth century, with brief interruptions until 1201, the death of Gruffydd ap Rhys, Prince of Deheubarth ( 1197–1201) This left two sons, who did not succeed as princes.

Stem series (extracts)

Cantrefi by Deheubarth (circa 1160)
  • Cadell ap Rhodri , King of Seisyllwg (878–909) ⚭ Ne
  • Hywel Dda ( Howell the Good ), King of (almost) all of Wales (909–950), King of Dyfed c. 904, King of Seisyllwg 909, King of Gwynedd 942 † 950 ⚭ Elen ferch Llywarch, T. v. Llywarch ap Hyfaidd King of Dyfed
  • Rhodri ap Hywel Dda, King of Deheubarth (950–953)
  • Edwin ap Hywel Dda (950-954)
  • Owain ap Hywel Dda (950-988)

Closer progenitor was:

  • Owain ap Hywel Dda, King of Deheubarth (Seissllwg and Dyfed) (950–988), ruled together with his older brothers Rhodri († 953) and Edwin († 954), then alone. ⚭ Ne.
  • Einion ap Owain, † 984
  • Edwin ap Einion
  • Hywel ap Edwin, King of Deheubarth (1033-1044), was able to win the crown again for his family after usurpations by Llywelyn ap Seissyll (999-1023) and Rhydderch ap Iestin (1023-1033).
  • Maredudd ap Edwin reigns with his brother Hywel (1033-1035)
  • Owain ap Edwin
  • Cadell ap Einion
  • Tewdwr ap Cadell
  • Angharad ferch Maredudd (descendants from both marriages) ⚭1.) Llywelyn ap Seisyll King of Gwynedd, succeeds his father-in-law as King of Deheubarth (999-1023) ⚭2.) Cynfyn ap Gwerstan, a nobleman from Powys
Son from first marriage:
  • Gruffydd ap Llywelin, King of Gwynedd and Powys (1030-1063) follows as King of Deheubarth (1044-1063) ⚭ Ealdgyth of Mercia, a daughter of Ælfgar , Earl of Mercia .
  • Nest ferch Gruffydd ⚭ Osbern FitzRichard, Lord of Richard's Castle and Byton

The closer progenitor was:

  • Rhys ap Tewdwr, King of Deheubarth (1078-1093) ⚭ Ne
  • Gruffydd ap Rhys , Prince of Deheubarth (1135-1137); was initially taken to Ireland, returned in 1113 and was able to take over the rule in 1135. ⚭ 1.) Ne; ⚭ 2.) 1016 Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd , daughter of Gruffydd ap Cynan , king of Gwynedd (1081–1137)
From the first connection come:
From the marriage to Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd ap Cynan

The closer progenitor was:

  • Rhys ap Gruffydd, Prince of Deheubarth (1153–1197), Lord Rhys (* 1132, † April 28, 1197), ⚭ Gwenellian ferch Madog von Powys, daughter of Madog ap Maredudd , King of Powys (1132–1160)

After his death, the Principality of Deheubarth came under the control of the Princes of Gwynedd, whereby the members of the Dinefwr dynasty ruled as "lords" - and only over individual parts - of their inherited principality instead of kings or princes.

  • Rhys Gryg (Rhys the Husky) ap Rhys, was a younger brother of Gruffydd ap Rhys II. In 1216 he only controlled parts of the provinces of Cantref Mawr and Cantref Brychan († 1234) ⚭ Joan de Clare, daughter of Richard de Clare, Earl of Hertford
  • Maredudd ap Rhys, Lord of Cantref Brychan, † falls July 2, 1201
  • Maelgwn ap Rhys , Lord of Ceredigion (* ca.1170, † 1230) (descendants)
  • Gwenellian ferch Rhys ⚭ Ednfed Fychan ap Cynwrig, Seneschal of Gwynedd (Also ancestor of the House of Tudor in the male line.)

More offspring

Noteworthy are two offspring in the female line who are probably among the most famous Welsh men:

  • Owain Glyndŵr (around 1355 - around 1416), was a Welsh national hero who at the end of the 14th century tried - in vain - to shake off rule of England and restore Welsh independence ( rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr ). Legend has it that he did not die but was waiting for the right time to restore Welsh independence. He was a male descendant of Gruffydd Maelor ap Madog , Lord of Powys Fadog. In the female line he descended from Gruffydd ap Rhys, Prince of Deheubarth (1197-1201) from the Dinefwr dynasty. This is because his mother, Elen ferch Thomas (of Iscoed) was a 5th generation descendant of his son, Owain ap Gruffydd († StrataFlorida January 18, 1236).
  • Owen Tudor (around 1400–1461) became the progenitor of the House of Tudor through his marriage to the widow of the English King Henry V , Catherine de Valois (1401–1437) , and came from the male line of Ednyfed Fychan ap Cynwrig, Seneschal of the Kingdom of Gwynedd († 1246) from. In the female line he was among other things a descendant of Rhys ap Gruffydd, Prince of Deheubarth (1153-1197) from the Dinefwr dynasty, since his daughter Gwenellian married the above-mentioned Ednyfed Fychan ap Cynwrig. Their grandson, Tudur Hen († 1311) was the namesake of the later dynasty, which with Gwenellian's descendants in the seventh generation, Harri Tewdwr, the grandson of Owen Tudor, ascended the throne of England as Henry VII (1485-1509) .

Thus both the greatest Welsh rebel against English rule and the Welsh who finally - in reverse of the circumstances - took control of the Kingdom of England, were descendants of the Dinefwr dynasty.

See also

literature

  • John Edward Lloyd: A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest. Longmans, Green & Co., London 1911 ( archive.org ).
  • John Davies: A History of Wales. Penguin Group, London 1993, ISBN 0-713-99098-8 .
  • Mike Ashley: The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens. Robinson, London 1999, ISBN 1-84119-096-9 .
  • Egerton Phillimore: The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harleian MS. 3859. In: Y Cymmrodor. The Magazine of the Honorable Society of Cymmrodorion. Volume 9, 1888, pp. 141-183 ( archive.org ).
  • Burke's Guide to the Royal Family. Burke's Peerage Limited, London 1973 ( archive.org ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mike Ashley: The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens. P. 346.
  2. ^ Burke's Guide to the Royal Family. P. 323.
  3. ↑ a b Burke’s Guide to the Royal Family. P. 325.
  4. ^ Burke's Guide to the Royal Family. P. 326.