Mosaicarum et Romanarum legum collatio

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mosaicarum et Romanarum legum collatio (in the legal history literature mostly quam praecepit Dominus ad Moysen Lex Dei, called, in short: Lex Dei ; translated something like: comparison of the Old Testament and Roman law ) is the title of an anonymous late classical legal work from the late 4th century, possibly even as early as the beginning of the 5th century. Several sources speak for Rome as the place of origin and promulgation (possibly the Atrium Minervae on the Roman Forum ).

Factory history

In the work, which consists of 16 titles, some of the commandments of Jewish law (Torah) are compared with corresponding passages of Roman law . The work primarily deals with criminal law norms. The titles of the compilation always begin with an excerpt from Deuteronomy , the excerpts from the works of the citing lawyers Gaius , Modestin , Papinian , Iulius Paulus (probably also Pseudo-Paulus ), Ulpian (and Pseudo-Ulpian), as well as the imperial constitutions of the codices Gregorianus and Follow Hermogenianus . According to Detlef Liebs, the inscriptions are not as uniform as in the previous work, the Fragmenta Vaticana . This comes from a time when Christianity was only beginning to establish itself in matters of law. The linguistic reference to the Pentateuch is therefore clearly better recognizable in the Collatio , on the one hand because Christianity was now recognized as the state religion, but also because the New Testament did not propagate any legal clauses. According to the state of research, Sulpicius Severus recorded in his world chronicle around AD 400 that the Christian Tertullian had already pointed out that the Mosaic law ( Ten Commandments ) had a higher priority than the Roman law . In this respect, according to Liebs , the view emphasized by Fritz Schulz that it was a collection of legal excerpts comparable to the Fragmenta Vaticana did not apply , because the biblical character of command was still alien to the previous constitutions.

The author and purpose are not known. However, Hyamson suspects that the author was a cleric working at an Italian bishopric. The period between 390 and 438 is discussed among the researchers as the period of origin. Based on references to historical circumstances, Liebs dated the creation of the work on May 14th, one of the years from 389 to 392. Ulrich Manthe believes it is very likely that a Jewish author will prove the compatibility of Roman law with Christianity wanted to.

In 860, the archbishop's scholar and advisor to Charles the Bald , Hinkmar von Reims , used two passages of the Collatio for his report entitled De divortivo Lotharii regis et Thetbergae reginae . The manuscript is represented by three copies, the so-called “Berlin manuscript”, which was probably created in northern Italy at the end of the 9th or beginning of the 10th century, the “Vercelli copy” and the so-called “Vienna manuscript”. Both date from the 10th century. During the Christian early and high Middle Ages, the Collatio was able to assert itself , but was subject to the Digest in its importance , after it experienced a renaissance by the scholars of the Glossators and then by the commentators .

See also

literature

  • Robert M. Frakes: Compiling the Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum in Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2011
  • PF Girard / F. Senn: Textes de droit romain. Vol. I. 7th edition Paris 1967, pp. 545-590, n. 29
  • G. Hamza: Comparative Law and Antiquity. Budapest 1991
  • Constantin Hohenlohe: Origin and purpose of the Collatio legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum. Mayer & Comp., Vienna 1935
  • Moses Hyamson: Mosaicarum et Romanarum legum collatio. Oxford University Press 1913, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D~IA%3Dcu31924029129876~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D (contains a facsimile of the Berlin manuscript).
  • Wolfgang Kaiser : The Epitome Iuliani . Contributions to Roman law in the early Middle Ages and to Byzantine law lessons . Klostermann. Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-465-03297-7 , pp. 92-95, 123 f., 154.
  • Detlef Liebs : Jurisprudence in late antique Italy (260-640 AD) (= Freiburg legal-historical treatises. New series, volume 8). Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, pp. 162-174.
  • Ulrich Manthe : Collatio 6.7 pr. isdem abstipulantibus, in: Ars Iuris, Festschrift for Okko Behrends on his 70th birthday, Ed. Martin Avenarius et al., Göttingen 2009, pp. 351–370.
  • Ulrich Manthe: Duplicates in the text of the Collatio as traces of editorial activity , in: Römische Jurisprudenz - Dogmatik, Tradition, Reception / Festschrift for Detlef Liebs on his 75th birthday, ed. by Karlheinz Muscheler , Duncker & Humblot, Berlin (= Freiburger Rechtsgeschichtliche Abhandlungen. New series, volume 63), pp. 395–412.
  • Ulrich Manthe: History of Roman law (= Beck'sche series. 2132). Beck, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-406-44732-5 , p. 115.
  • Theodor Mommsen : Collectio librorum iuris anteiustiniani. Vol. III. Berlin 1890, pp. 107-198.
  • Adolf August Friedrich Rudorff : About the origin and the determination of the Lex Dei or Mosaicarum ... Treatises of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Berlin; 1868.4. Berlin 1869. pp. 266-296
  • Fritz Schulz : The biblical texts in the Collatio legum Mosaicarum… Apollinaris, 1936

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Theodor Mommsen : Collectio librorum iuris anteiustiniani. Vol. III. Berlin 1890, pp. 107-198.
  2. ↑ Ulrich Manthe : History of Roman Law (= Beck'sche series. 2132). Beck, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-406-44732-5 , p. 115.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Detlef Liebs : The jurisprudence in late antique Italy (260-640 AD) (= Freiburg legal-historical treatises. New series, volume 8). Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, pp. 162-174.
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Kaiser : The Epitome Iuliani. Contributions to Roman law in the early Middle Ages and to Byzantine law lessons . Klostermann. Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-465-03297-7 , pp. 92-95, 123 f .; 154.
  5. ↑ Coll. 14.3.6; CJ 9.20.7; CTh 9.18.1.
  6. ^ A b Marie Theres Fögen : The expropriation of fortune tellers. Studies on the imperial monopoly of knowledge in late antiquity. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-518-58155-4 , p. 63.
  7. ^ Fritz Schulz : History of Roman Jurisprudence , Weimar 1961, pp. 396–398.
  8. ↑ Ulrich Manthe: Collatio 6.7 pr. isdem abstipulantibus . In: M. Avenarius, R. Meyer-Pritzl, C. Möller (eds.): Ars Iuris, Festschrift for Okko Behrends on his 70th birthday . Wallstein, Göttingen 2009, ISBN 978-3-8353-0420-8 , pp. 351-370 .
  9. ↑ Gustav Friedrich Hänel (Ed.): Iuliani Epitome Latina Novellarum Iustiniani , Leipzig 1873, p. IV ff. No. 4, 6 and 5.
  10. ^ Max Conrat (Cohn): History of the sources and literature of Roman law in the early Middle Ages . Hinrichs, Leipzig 1891, p. 87.