Mouth, jaw, and facial surgery

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The oral and maxillofacial surgery ( MKG , even Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery ) is a medical field, which is the diagnosis , treatment , prevention and both functional ( chewing , swallowing , speaking ) and aesthetic rehabilitation of diseases, injuries, malformations and Includes changes in the shape of the teeth, oral cavity, jaw and face.

meaning

What is unique about this specialist area in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, but also in Belgium, Ireland, Finland and the United Kingdom is the necessary training in human medicine and dentistry , which is why double doctorates in German-speaking countries are also available as Dr. med. and Dr. med. dent. are common.

In the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Japan is the " oral-maxillo-facial surgery and " a purely dental field ( dental specialty ), as well as in Denmark and Sweden.

In France ( maxillo-faciale surgery ), Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, the Czech Republic and Hungary, no double license is required; The specialist title is achieved through purely medical training in the specialist area (minimum five years). In the GDR , according to the Soviet model, no double license was required either.

The double license in German-speaking countries has its origins in war surgery during the First World War, where field surgeons used dental methods to treat jaw injuries.

Another special feature of maxillofacial surgery is the intensive interdisciplinary cooperation with neighboring disciplines, which is necessary due to the spatial proximity of various organ systems (ears, eyes and brain) in the head and neck area for the treatment of the often complex injuries or diseases. Oral and maxillofacial surgery also covers oral surgery and overlaps with it, but from the perspective of the educational path must be distinguished from oral surgery in the narrower sense. The latter is a branch of dentistry and does not require a double degree in medicine.

The specialist in maxillofacial surgery

Further education in Germany

In order to work as a specialist in maxillofacial surgery in Germany after completing a medical degree and a degree in dentistry , a five-year period of further training is required, of which at least three years must be spent in ward duty. The further training can begin with the completion of the human medicine degree; both approvals must be available for the specialist examination. The following can be counted towards the specialist training period:

In order to be admitted to the specialist examination, a relatively extensive "OP catalog" must be fulfilled, which is defined by the further training regulations (as of April 2007). After obtaining the specialist title, there is the possibility of receiving the additional designation "plastic operations" (sub-specialization) through further training. Since 2010, the German Society for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (DGMKG) has also introduced the master's degree in “Aesthetic Facial Surgery” in order to establish structured advanced training for aesthetic operations in the facial area.

Further education in Switzerland

In Switzerland, advanced training to become an maxillofacial surgeon lasts six years, divided into two to three years of non-specialist general surgical training and three to four years of specialist training. The subject-specific part may only be started after completing the human and dental studies; for applicants who first studied dentistry, however, up to nine months of further training in a dental polyclinic will be recognized. Applicants with a degree in human medicine may complete basic general surgery training in parallel to studying dentistry.

In addition to two years of general surgery and up to one year in a surgical specialty, the non-subject-specific further training also includes three months of anesthesiology or surgical intensive care medicine and is concluded with the basic surgical examination. After completing the basic exam, an "Op catalog" must also be worked through during the subject-specific training (defined by the training regulations as of July 25, 2011)

statistics

On January 1, 2001, 1,310 maxillofacial surgeons were registered in Germany, 778 of whom were resident. 186 did not practice any medical activity. As of December 31, 2009, 1,474 maxillofacial surgeons were registered in Germany.

See also

literature

  • Karl Schuchardt , Gerhard Pfeifer (Hrsgg.): Basics, development and progress of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 25 years of the German Society for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Stuttgart 1976 (= progress in maxillofacial surgery. Volume 21).
  • Walter Hoffmann-Axthelm , Hans-Joachim Neumann , Gerhard Pfeifer, Robert Stiebitz: The history of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Berlin u. a. 1995.
  • Brigitte Lengersdorf, Ina Giersdorf, Margret Liehn, Günter Nehse: Oral and maxillofacial surgery , in: Margret Liehn, Brigitte Lengersdorf, Lutz Steinmüller and Rüdiger Döhler : OP manual. Basics, instruments, operating procedures , 6th, updated and expanded edition. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-49280-2 , pp. 577-592.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ La Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale , La Société Française de Stomatologie, Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Orale. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  2. ↑ Official Journal of the European Union (PDF) , September 30, 2005. S. L 255/103. Retrieved June 13, 2017.