Mundburg
| Mundburg | ||
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 Sketch of the location by Carl Schuchhardt around 1916 |
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| Creation time : | around 900 to 1000 | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall | |
| Place: | Tired (of all) | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 31 '9 " N , 10 ° 22' 4.4" E | |
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The Mundburg is an abandoned Niederungsburg near Müden (Aller) in the Gifhorn district in Lower Saxony .
location
The castle was in the valley of the Aller , which provided natural protection in what was then a swampy area. Their exact location has not yet been proven with certainty. Due to its function as a mint, clearly identifiable remains should have been preserved in the ground. In 2013, archaeological prospecting measures were carried out , initially using aerial archeology and later using geophysical methods.
The prehistorian Carl Schuchhardt suspected the location of the Mundburg west of Gut Dieckhorst on a sand island in the Allerniederung. This point is also today near the Aller and is surrounded by a ditch that is connected to the river. Today the confluence of the Oker and Aller rivers runs not far .
When the castle was founded, however, the Oker did not flow into the Aller at Müden, but at Wienhausen . The settlement geographer Wolfgang Meibeyer suspects the former location of the Mundburg there. The breakthrough of the Oker to the north to Dieckhorst was achieved by 1439 at the latest, a note in a certificate from the Magdeburg council indicates this. This also explains why there are no dunes along the new oker line.
The Mundburg protected the private property of Bishop Bernward, which was located in Schepelse and Wathlingen , among other places . Another castle of the bishop existed in the form of Wahrenholz Castle , as the route from there to Wienhausen and Uetze via Hohne and Ahnsbeck had to be protected from the attacks of the Wends .
history
The name Mundburg is not derived from the estuary, but means protective castle. The castle was built after 993 under Bishop Bernward von Hildesheim on the outermost edge of his diocese with the approval of Emperor Otto III. and built on their own initiative to defend themselves against the Slavs . Otto III. was the foster son of the count, priest and later Bishop Bernward. In gratitude, the bishop received the parts of the Ostfalengau surrounding the castle from Heinrich II. After the Brunones had lost power. The church then lent this property to the Brunonen (Brunig and his people). Priest Bernward was also present when they met in the Hesleburg near Heeßel in 990 or 993 to determine the boundaries of the dioceses of Minden (Engern) and Hildesheim (Ostfalen). The Mundburg was part of a line of fortifications against the Normans and Slavs on the Aller and tributaries. Their occupation was possibly subject to the changing rule of nobility and church.
Between around 994 and 1010, Bishop Bernward, the Billunger and the Stade Counts had coins minted in Mundburg . In the Mundburg, part of the ransom treasure of 2,000 talents silver was minted, which was paid to the Vikings for the release of Saxon nobles after their victory at Stade . Like other coins from the German Empire of the Ottonian period, the coins were found in hoards as far as the Baltic States (such as the Stige treasure ).
literature
- Ortwin Meier : The early medieval mint "Mundburg" of the Diocese of Hildesheim (= Deutsche Münzblätter ...), Berlin [-Wilmersdorf, Landhausstr. 3]: Verlag der Deutschen Münzblätter, 1938
- Horst Berner: 850 years of Meinersen . Here p. 19 to UB Stadt Magdeburg 2 No. 395 p. 11
- Otto Hahne : The medieval castles and earth walls on the Okerlauf . Hans Oeding publishing house, Braunschweig 1965
- Oskar Kiecker, Hans Lütgens: The art monuments in the Gifhorn district. Hanover 1931
- Anneliese Leffler (Ed.), Utta Stühff (Ed.): A thousand years of Mundburg - Müden (Aller) celebrates with us . Commemorative publication on the occasion of the anniversary celebrations of the community of Müden (Aller) from December 10, 1993–14. January 1995
- Margret Zimmermann, Hans Kensche: Castles and palaces in Hildesheimer Land . Hildesheim, 2001, pp. 103-104
- Hans Adolf Schultz : Castles and palaces of the Braunschweiger Land . Braunschweig 1984
- Christoph W. Seiler: The Aller, a river changes its course. The historical development of the Aller between Müden and Celle . Sources and representations on the history of the district of Celle, vol. 5, ed. from the district archive of the district of Celle, Celle 2002, ISBN 978-3-9805636-4-2
- Christian Schweitzer, Christian Frey: Bishop Bernward of Hildesheim's castle in Wahrenholz. New insights thanks to geophysics. in: Archeology in Lower Saxony , pp. 92–94, 2013
Web links
- Bernwardburg or Mundburg in the Lower Saxony Monument Atlas
- Mundburg in: Castles around 1000 between Mittelweser and Leine (PDF file, 500 kB)
- Extract from the Festschrift Tausend Jahre Mundburg - Müden (Aller) celebrates with us
- Search for the Mundburg near Wienhausen with extensive historical sources
Individual evidence
- ↑ Aerial archeology: Search for the Mundburg in: Wolfsburger Allgemeine Zeitung, May 7, 2013
- ↑ Traces of the Mundburg? in: Wolfsburger Allgemeine Zeitung of October 21, 2013
- ^ Dietrich Schmidtsdorff: Ransom money for the Vikings was struck on the Mundburg. In: Monetary History News . Issue 224, September 2005, pp. 167–173.