Musa Anter

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Musa Anter (* 1920 in Eskimağara , Mardin Province ; † September 20, 1992 in Diyarbakir ), also called Uncle Musa (Apê Mûsa) , was a Kurdish writer and intellectual.

Life

He was born in poor conditions in the village of Eskimağara (formerly Zivingê) near Nusaybin in the Turkish province of Mardin in 1920 . His father died when he was a child. His father's name, Anter, later became the family name. He grew up with his mother. He attended elementary school in Mardin in a boarding school. These new boarding schools were a new measure to better support the children who grew up in poor conditions. He attended middle school and high school in Adana , where he stayed until 1941. Musa Anter was then sent by the state to boarding school in Istanbul with a few selected students. During his philosophy studies he got to know many Kurdish students. These included Tarık Ziya Ekinci , who later became General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Turkey , Yusuf Azizoğlu , the founder of the Türkiye Milli Parti (Turkish National Party), and Faik Bucak, who founded the Democratic Party of Kurdistan-Turkey . He later switched from philosophy to law. On December 11, 1944, he married the daughter of the large businessman Abdurahim Zapsu and had two sons and a daughter.

His political activities began at the university. He was stimulated by events from abroad. In the 1950s there were Kurdish-language radio broadcasts from Yerevan and Cairo . But the 1958 revolution in Iraq and Mustafa Barzani's return from exile in the Soviet Union were more influential for Musa Anter .

He became the editor of several magazines that dealt with the Kurdish problem, including Ileri Yurt in Diyarbakır. Ileri Yurt was the first magazine in decades to deal with the Kurds. Because of his articles in Ileri Yurt , several investigations have been launched against him. The prosecution regarding the publication of the poem Qimil , which was published in the Kurdish language, attracted particular attention . The state media criticized the publication of a poem in Kurdish. The prosecution earned him a lot of sympathy and support from the Kurdish movement. During the trial, sympathizers gathered outside the courthouse to support him. On December 17, 1959, he was arrested along with 48 others. Initially, all 49 prisoners faced the death penalty by hanging. But because of the threat of protests from abroad, they were detained for six months. This process of 49 helped to raise public awareness of the Kurdish question.

The Musa Anter Park in Turkey

While in custody, Musa Anter wrote his first book, Birîna Reş ( Eng .: The Black Wound ). From 1961/62 he published the Kurdish and Turkish language magazine Dicle-Firat in Istanbul. In the 1960s he joined the Workers' Party of Turkey . He was supposed to run in the 1965 elections, but due to financial difficulties, Musa Anter could not afford to run.

In 1971 he was arrested again and detained in Diyarbakir Military Prison. In 1976 he returned to his village and stayed there until 1989. In 1979, Anter was arrested again. Eventually he returned to Istanbul and continued to write for Kurdish magazines such as Welat (Heimat), Ülke (Land), Özgur Gündem (Free Agenda) and Özgur Ülke (Free Land). In Istanbul he was a co-founder of the pro-Kurdish HEP , the predecessor of the DTP and the Kurdish Institute Istanbul .

In 1991, Anter appeared in the film Mem û Zin, one of the first Kurdish films to be released in Turkey after the Kurdish language ban was lifted.

According to the HRW, he was lured out of the hotel and shot dead on September 20, 1992 in Diyarbakır. According to the CPJ , Anter was contacted by phone and asked to mediate if there was a disagreement. He got into a taxi with a friend and companion. When they suspected a trap, they asked to get out. After they got out, the companion shot Musa Anter and injured his friend. Soon after, a previously unknown organization Boz-Ok took responsibility for the murder, but the magazines Yeni Ülke and Özgür Gündem , for which Musa Anter worked, accused the state. His grave is in Nusaybin County, Mardin Province.

Abdülkadir Aygan , who was involved in the kidnapping, reported that the JİTEM was behind the murder of Musa Anters. The case reached the European Court of Human Rights , which sentenced the Turkish state in 2006 to a payment of 28,500 euros for the involvement of state organs in the murder.

He spent a total of 11.5 years of his life in prisons: Starting as a youth in 1937, during the Dersim uprising , until 1990, when he was last in prison.

Appreciation

In 2005, Fırat Anlı , the mayor of Yenişehir , a district of Diyarbakir, had a statue of Musa Anter erected on the spot where Anter was shot. The statue at 438 road in Seyrantepe shows Anter as a plane tree growing out of a book. Anter's son was allowed to visit the site where his father was murdered for the first time in 2012.

In 2012, Sema Kaygusuz wrote in a short narrative how The Called Musa should settle a dispute, and he fulfills this calling , although he sees that it is a trap that his murderers have set for him.

Works

  • Birîna Reş , 1959, German The Black Wound , Ararat Publications. St. Gallen 1994, ISBN 3-9520545-1-8 .
  • Ferhenga Kurdî (Kurdish Dictionary) - Istanbul, 1967
  • Hatıralarım (My Memoirs), Volume 1 - Istanbul, 1991
  • Hatıralarım (My Memoirs), Volume 2 - Istanbul, 1992
  • Çinara Min (My plane tree) - Istanbul, 1999

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Cengiz Günes: The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance . Routledge, 2012, ISBN 978-1-138-89841-7 , pp. 51-52 .
  2. ↑ Mehdi Zana: Hell No. 5. Diary from a Turkish prison. Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 1997, ISBN 978-3895332098 , p. 87 (287 pages).
  3. ↑ Lois Whitman, Helsinki Watch (Organization: US), Human Rights Watch (Organization): The Kurds of Turkey: Killings, Disappearances and Torture . Human Rights Watch, 1993, ISBN 978-1-56432-096-4 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed September 21, 2018]).
  4. ↑ Musa Anter. Retrieved September 21, 2018 .
  5. ↑ a b Obituary: Musa Anter. In: The Independent. Retrieved September 21, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Lois Whitman, Helsinki Watch (Organization: US), Human Rights Watch (Organization): The Kurds of Turkey: Killings, Disappearances and Torture . Human Rights Watch, 1993, ISBN 978-1-56432-096-4 , pp. 18-19 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed September 21, 2018]).
  7. ↑ Musa Anter. Retrieved November 5, 2018 .
  8. ↑ AFFAIRE ANTER ET AUTRES c. TURQUIE (Requête no 55983/00). ECHR, December 19, 2006, accessed September 20, 2017 (French).
  9. ^ IPPNW delegation trip to Turkey 2010. IPPNW, May 2010, accessed on September 20, 2017 .
  10. ^ Nicole F. Watts: Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey . University of Washington Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-295-80082-0 ( google.ch [accessed December 7, 2018]).
  11. ↑ Sema Kaygusuz: Black bile. Stories. From the Turk. by Sabine Adatepe. With a post from Katja Lange-Müller . Berlin: Matthes & Seitz, 2013, ISBN 978-3-88221-049-1 , pp. 12-19, pp. 130f.
personal data
SURNAME Anter, Musa
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Apê Mûsa
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Kurdish-Turkish writer and intellectual
DATE OF BIRTH 1920
PLACE OF BIRTH Eskimağara , Mardin (Province)
DATE OF DEATH 20th September 1992
Place of death Diyarbakir