Musette de Cour
The Musette de Cour is a historical bagpipe that was especially fashionable in France in the 18th century and influenced the style of the musette dance .
history
French musette is the diminutive of old French muse , which goes back to Latin musa , "bagpipe". The word muse was in use from the 12th to the 17th century, derived from cornemuse (cf. cornamuse ). It also belongs to the word environment “donkey / mule” and also means “food sack for horses” and “food bag”. Various names for “bagpipe” and old nicknames for “donkey” are related to this in the Mediterranean region: muso, musa, mussa, mus and the like. Müsa is a bagpipe with a play pipe and a drone pipe in the northern Italian Apennines .
The first musettes appear at the end of the 16th century. Already Michael Praetorius forms in 1620 in Volume 2 (De Organographia) his work Syntagma Musicum an early form of Musette on, still without petit chalumeau , but already with bellows and Rankett bordun . The Hotteterre family of instrument makers played a key role in the technical development. The second chanter was added by Martin Hotteterre.
The Musette de Cour was very popular in the Baroque period . Especially in the course of the shepherd's fashion , which was enthusiastic about everything rural, the musical instruments of the common people such as bagpipes, hurdy-gurdy and one-handed flute became fashionable and found their way into courtly musical culture. In doing so, they were technically and visually adapted to the refined taste of the time. At the end of the 18th century the musette, like other shepherd instruments, quickly lost its importance. Nonetheless, it has influenced the development of several regional instruments in a variety of ways, notably the British Isles' smallpipes and the central French bagpipes .
The term musette de cour does not appear in the works of the time, there the instrument is simply called musette , which can also mean a high-sounding oboe . The addition de Cour (French: “courtly, belonging to the court”) connects this type of bagpipe with the aristocratic sense of style.
construction
The instrument is designed for artful music and accordingly has a range of almost two octaves , a fully chromatic chanter and several tunable drone pipes . The Musette de Cour is one of the quiet bagpipes. It has two cylindrical chanter with double reeds and a trellis bordun with up to five double reeds and sliders for switching the drone on and off and for tuning the drone. Both chanter are equipped with keys, the second chanter only sounds when one of the keys is pressed. Thus, to a certain extent, two-part playing is possible. The musette has a sewn leather sack, which is covered with a velvet cover, and a bellows for the air supply.
repertoire
The musette was an instrument both for amateur musicians, especially those of the nobility, and for professional musicians at the noble courts. The traditional repertoire therefore ranges from simple transcriptions of popular songs to very demanding compositions by the most famous composers of the time. Among them are z. B. Joseph Bodin de Boismortier , Nicolas Chédeville , Philibert de Lavigne , Jacques-Martin Hotteterre and Jean-Philippe Rameau .
literature
- Anthony Baines: Bagpipes (Occasional Papers on Technology; Vol. 9). Oxford University Press, Oxford 1960, pp. 125 ff.
- Musette 1 . In: Sibyl Marcuse : Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary. A complete, authoritative encyclopedia of instruments throughout the world. Country Life Limited, London 1966, pp. 349f
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Martin Vogel : Onos Lyras. The donkey with the lyre. (Volume 13 of the Orpheus series of publications on basic issues in music) Verlag der Gesellschaft für Förder der Systematic Musikwissenschaft, Düsseldorf 1973, p. 174
- ↑ Daniele Bicego: The Edinburgh Musa. The Bagpipe Society