Mushanokōji Saneatsu

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Mushanokōji Saneatsu
Saneatsu, center back, 1909

Mushanokōji Saneatsu ( Japanese 武 者 小路 実 篤 , also: Musha ( 無 車 ), Futōō ( 不倒翁 ), u. A .; * May 12, 1885 in the Kōjimachi district of Tokyo ; † April 9, 1976 in Tokyo Prefecture ) was a Japanese writer and painter .

Life

The Mushanokōji family belonged to the court nobility. Saneatsu's father Saneyo (1851-1887) was sent abroad to study with the Iwakura Mission . Originally intended for Russia, he studied in Germany. Although his father died early, Saneatsu also learned and mastered German perfectly. As a teenager, Saneatsu was rather weak and sickly and was thus handicapped in the sporting activities. He compensated for this by becoming a skilled speaker. During his studies at Gakushūin University , Mushanokōji studied the Bible and the works of Leo Tolstoy under the influence of his uncle Kadenokōji Sukekoto (勘 解 由 小路 資 承; 1860-1925) . 1906 graduation. He then enrolled at the Humanities Faculty of the Imperial University of Tōkyō , but broke off his studies in 1907. and brought together a group of people interested in literature, including Shiga Naoya , Kinoshita Rigen , Ōgimachi Kinkazu (正 親 町 公 和; 1881–1960), whom he called "Society of the 14th Day" (十四 日 会 Jūyokkakei). That was the nucleus of the Shirakaba group, to which Arishima Takeo and Satomi Ton belonged. With them he founded the literature and art magazine Shirakaba ( 白樺 , "The Birch") in 1910 . In the group circulated a handwritten magazine with the name Bōya (望 野), about "Dreamed field". His first novel Kōya ( 荒野 , "Wilderness") he published in 1908. In 1910 one of his most important works followed, "Omedetaki hito" - about "A good-natured person". The circle around Saneatsu was not only enthusiastic about Rodin and other French people, they also discovered the painters of the Worpswede painter's colony and corresponded with them. Heinrich Vogeler was asked to design a title page for the magazine.

According to Tolstoy's ideas, he founded the agricultural commune Atarashiki Mura ( 新 し き 村 ) in Hyūga in 1918 , to which he belonged until 1928 and which still exists today. During this time he still wrote articles for the "Shirakaba", devoted himself mainly to this utopian settlement, the magazine of the same name and a longer work, "Aru Otoko", which was first published as a series in the magazine Kaizō (改造) from 1921 to 1923 has been. During this time from the founding of the Atarashiki Mura to the great Kantō earthquake in 1923 , Saneatsu was particularly productive, published the novella Yūjō in 1920 and the play Ningen banzai (人間 万 歳) in 1922. Due to the earthquake, the magazine Shirakaba stopped its publication, but Mushanokōji published other magazines, such as Fuji ( 不二 ) with Nagayo Yoshirō , Daichōwa ( 大 調和 ), Dokuritsujin ( 独立 人 ) and Jūkō ( 重 光 ). From 1925 he published a number of biographical novels, for example about Ninomiya Sontoku , a farmer and philosopher of the 19th century, and about Ihara Saikaku , a poet of the 17th century. In addition, he worked successfully as a painter and gallery owner from 1929. While he painted with a western orientation in the early years, his later work shows a turn to the traditional “Japanese style”.

At the suggestion of his older brother Mushanokōji Kintomo , who was the Japanese ambassador to the German Empire, Mushanokōji made a trip to Europe in 1936. After the Second World War, he came under fire for his closeness to the Japanese government and had to give up his seat in the House of Lords on American orders. But he was soon active again as a writer, painter and gallery owner, from 1949 to 1950 he wrote his novella “Teacher of Reason” (Shinri Sensei).

In 1951, Saneatsu was awarded the Japanese Order of Culture and made an honorary citizen of Tokyo. Overall, he published numerous novels, dramas, poems and essays.

Mushanokōji's house, in which he had spent the last 20 years, was named "Saneatsu Park" (実 篤 公園, Saneatsu Kōen) and as the “Mushanokōji Saneatsu Memorial House of Chōfu City” (調 布 市 武 者 小路 実 篤 記念 館; Chōfu. Saneatsu Mushan; Chōfu-shi Mushan kinenkan) made available to the public. The main building was registered as a cultural asset in 2017.

Works (selection)

  • Kōya ( 荒野 ), novel, 1908, digitized version at the National Library
  • Omedetaki Hito ( お 目 出 た き 人 ), novel, digitized version at the National Library
  • Seken shirazu ( 世間 知 ら ず ), Roman
  • Seichō ( 生長 ), essay
  • Yūjō ( 友情 ), novel
  • Kōfuku Mono ( 幸福 者 ), novel
  • Aru Otoko ( 或 る 男 ), autobiographical novel
  • Kohan no Gashō ( 湖畔 の 画 商 ), essay
  • Bijutsuronshū ( 美術 論 集 ), essay
  • Shinri Sensei ( 真理 先生 ), novel
  • Watakushi no Kaigara ( 私 の 貝殻 ), Roman
  • Hitori no Otoko ( 一 人 の 男 ), novel

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Japanese celebrity's grave guide - Mushanokoji Saneatsu ( Memento of the original from May 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.horror-house.jp
  2. ↑ Atarashiki-mura: Mushanokoji Saneatsu's utopian Japanese village and alternative community

literature

Web links

Japanese name: As is common in Japan, the family name comes before the first name in this article . Thus, Mushanokōji is the family name, Saneatsu the first name.
personal data
SURNAME Mushanokōji, Saneatsu
ALTERNATIVE NAMES 武 者 小路 実 篤 (Japanese); Musha (pseudonym); 無 車 (pseudonym, Japanese); Futōō (pseudonym); 不倒翁 (pseudonym, Japanese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Japanese writer and painter
DATE OF BIRTH May 12, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Tokyo prefecture
DATE OF DEATH April 9, 1976
Place of death Tokyo prefecture