Mother (word)
The word “mother” is one of the fundamental words used in many languages to describe the biological and social mother .
Root word mater
The Indo-European root word * mātér- is the origin for today's name of the mother in most Indo-European languages. Many foreign and loan words in the German language are derived from the Latin and Greek forms. Similarly, similar words for heaven and mother are still used in many cultures today.
examples are
- Matrix (Latin "uterus, ancestral mother"; medicine , mathematics , physics , chemistry , genetics, etc.)
- Die , mater (printing form)
- material
- Alma Mater "Nourishing Mother" (University)
- Matter , material
- matriarchy
- Matriculation , matriculation (enrollment at a university)
- Madrigal (literature) or madrigal (music) (a musical or literary form)
Salutation
The address for the mother is different from region to region. The most common forms in the German-speaking area are "Mama", "Mami" and "Mutti". Children, but also many adults, often use these words instead of the name when addressing their own mother ( see also : Children's language ). In earlier times it was quite common in middle class circles for children to speak to their mother as Mrs Mama . Today this is unusual.
The word "Mama" or similar forms, like Papa , exist in almost all languages worldwide . Because the syllable ma is created by simply opening the mouth voiced and is very easy to pronounce even for an infant, it is often the first word that people learn. The widespread use is also explained by the common origin of the word from an original language in which it could have stood for the term mother. The origin of the word Mama from this original language cannot be proven, however, because no speech utterances have survived from the times of language origin.
Cultural
- Mater Dolorosa (mother in pain) refers to Mary , the mother of Jesus , under the cross.
- Matres was a name for the prayers , the trinity of the Celtic goddesses of fate.
- Matri (mothers) are all helpful female spirits in Asian Tantra .
- Matriarchy (from Latin . Mater Greek "mother", and. Arché "beginning, origin", also called "rule"), as "women-oriented corporate form" subject of matriarchy .
- Matrikadevis is a name from Indian Hinduism for the original matriarchs who administered the tribes of the ancestors.
- Matrikamantra in Hinduism is the creator word Om , with whose sound the primordial mother brought forth the universe .
- Matrikel is a public directory, especially at universities, and is derived from the Latin matricula ( matrix "parent mother"). This meaning goes back to the Metroion of Athens , the temple of the mother goddess Cybele , in which the state archive was kept.
- Matrix (mother: mater with additional feminine ending), the gnostic , hermetic or magical name for the mother's body, is a redundant form (double-mocked).
- Matronalia was a major festival that the Roman women celebrated in spring .
- Matron (from Latin matrona , the Roman wife), generalized for "older, dignified woman", later also derogatory for "older, plump woman".
- Matronensteine (also from matrona ): consecration stones for Celtic-Roman-Germanic mother goddesses , the Matronae or Matres (often with an epithet).
- Metropolis (center, capital) isborrowedfrom the ancient Greek μητρόπολις ( metrópolis ), "mother city" (from ancient Greek meter "mother, origin, source" and polis " city "). In figurative parlance, the relationship between the city-state and its colonies was seen as analogous to the image of “mother and daughter”because of the feminine polis .
- Mother Church (Latin Mater ecclesia ):formulation used in theparlance of the Roman Catholic Church (see encyclical Cum sancta mater ecclesia of Pope Pius IX and Apostolic Constitution Provida mater ecclesia )
In other languages
Indo-European languages
- (old) Greek: μητήρ metér , μητέρα mitéra or μάνα mána
- Bulgarian: majka майка
- Latin: mater, matrix, mamma
- French: mère
- Russian: мать mat
- Czech: matka, matinka
- Slovak: matka, mamka
- Polish: matka
- Albanian: matrice "mother's body"
- Serbo-Croatian: мајка majka
- spanish: madre
- Bosnian, Croatian: majka
- Persian: مادر mādar
- old english: modor
- Old Irish: mathir
- Old Indian: matar
- sanskrit: matr
- Romanian: mamă
Non-Indo-European languages
- Arabic: أم umm
- Hebrew: אם êm
- Chinese: 母 mǔ , 母親 / 母亲 mǔqin , 媽媽 / 妈妈 māma
- Finnish: emämaa "motherland"
- quechua: mama
- Thai: แม่ mae
- Turkish: Anne, Ana
- Hungarian: anya
- Vietnamese: mẹ
- Japanese: (お) 母 さ ん ( O ) kāsan , 母 (親) Haha (oya)
metaphor
In a figurative sense, mother describes the founder of an organization or school of thought, so the Tsarina Catherine II (Russia) was named the “mother of the fatherland”, or Susanna Wesley as the “mother of Methodism” (see also ancestral mother ).
Mother Russia ( Russian Матушка Россия ) is a national personification of Russia .
Idioms
- The phrase mother's boy is derogatory for men who are strongly attached to their mother, i.e. are dependent.
- Mother is also used as an honorific title, e.g. B. with Mother of God , Queen Mum or in another form with Mother Teresa .
- The most important uses of the word are certainly in connection with mother earth and mother tongue .
- The expression "mother of all ..." colloquially in different languages often refers to a particularly big thing or something from which smaller things could be derived, e.g. B. mother of all battles , colloquially mother of all bombs .
- The term mother in mother ship has a similar usage .
- While until the 1970s a mother who was only educating her job was still without a job , later housewife and mother were equated with a job title. In 2007, an advertising slogan with the sentence I am running a small, successful family business socially upgraded the parent company.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kathrin Kahlweit: Women of the Century. Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-42101-6 , p. 21.