Mycorrhizal Byssusporling

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Mycorrhizal Byssusporling
Byssoporia terrestris is the type of the genus Byssoporia

Byssoporia terrestris is the type of the genus Byssoporia

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Sheepporling relatives (Albatrellaceae)
Genre : Byssusporlings
Type : Mycorrhizal Byssusporling
Scientific name of the  genus
Byssoporia
MJ Larsen & Zak
Scientific name of the  species
Byssoporia terrestris
( DC. ) MJ Larsen & Zak

The mycorrhizal Byssusporling or Mycorrhiza-Filzporling ( Byssoporia terrestris ) is the only species within the monotypic genus of the Byssusporlinge and belongs to the family of the sheep porling relatives (Albatrellaceae). It is also the only representative of the sheep pore relatives who has a resupinate , corticoid fruiting body. In the past, the species was placed in the morphologically similar, saprotrophic genus of the felt bark mushrooms ( Byssocorticium ), to which it is not related, as recent molecular biological studies have shown. In addition to its way of life, the mycorrhizal Byssusporling differs in its fruiting body color, the buckle-free hyphae and the occurrence of rhizomorphs , and its spores are acyanophilic .

features

Macroscopic features

The quite soft, annual fruiting bodies are resupinate and often lifted a few centimeters from the substrate at the edge. The meat is up to 3 mm thick and can be removed from the substrate relatively easily. The porous surface of the fruiting body is initially white to cream-colored, then dull cream-colored with orange, reddish, blue-greenish or purple zones and finally in some cases dull brown. The tubes are up to 3 mm long and are more or less rounded to angular, with the pore edge being about the same color as the pore surface. But it can also be a little paler. The dividing walls of the pores become very thin and are often frayed later. The rhizomorphs extending from the side of the fruiting body are also visible to the naked eye and are about 0.3 mm wide.

Microscopic features

The hyphae system is monomitic . The hyphae have buckles and simple septa, cystidia are absent. The basidiospores are elliptical to almost rounded and have slightly thickened cell walls. They are acyanophilic and cannot be stained even with Melzer's reagent.

ecology

The fungus is a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiosis with various conifers (fir, spruce, pine and juniper) but also with deciduous trees (chestnuts, poplars and oaks). The fruiting bodies grow in the litter layer on the ground or on heavily rotted wood. The species is distributed almost worldwide. Its distribution area extends in Europe in the north to the Arctic climate zone and in the south to Italy. However, the fungus is only found scattered or very rarely in all of Europe.

Systematics

The monotypic genus Byssoporia with the type species Byssoporia terrestris ( Basionym : Boletus terrestris ) was described in 1978 by M. Larsen and B. Zak. The systematic assignment of the type species was controversial for a long time. An indication of this are the numerous homonymous synonyms that the type species has.

  1. Boletus terrestris DC. (1815)
  2. Byssocorticium terrestre Bondartsev & Singer (DC.) (1941)
  3. Physisporus terrestris (DC.) 1826
  4. Polyporus terrestris (DC.) Fr. 1821
  5. Poria terrestris Pers. (1805)
  6. Rigidoporus terrestris (DC.) Ryvarden (1973)

In addition, the species is very variable, so that the species has been described several times, which led to a number of heteronymous synonyms and the description of six varieties.

  1. Poria mollicula Bourdot (1915)
  2. Poria parksii Murrill (1921)
  3. Poria polyporicola Murrill (1920)
  4. Poria sartoryi Bourdot & L. Maire (1921)

Due to its morphology, the mycorrhizal Byssusporling was previously placed in the saprotrophic genus of the felt bark fungi ( Byssocorticium ). The representatives of this genus also have resupinate and poroid fruiting bodies. The mycorrhizal byssusporling differs from the felt bark fungi in the following properties: its spores are acyanophilic , it has no buckles at the base of its basidia and it is a mycorrhizal fungus , while the representatives of the felt bark fungi are wood decomposers.

Molecular biological studies by TD Bruns (1998) and SL Miller showed (2006) and her coauthors that Byssoporia terrestris closely related to the pedicle and poroiden Hutpilzgattungen Albatrellus and Polyporoletus and thus to russuloiden descent community belongs. In many taxonomy databases such as the Mycobank or the Indexfungorum database, the fungus is still in the family of tissue skin relatives (Atheliaceae).

etymology

The generic name is derived from the Latin adjective byssinus (silk-haired) and the Latin noun porus (tube). The specific epithet "terrestris" means located on earth.

swell

  • Byssoporia. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed October 12, 2014 .
  • Byssoporia. (DC.) MJ Larsen & Zak (1978). In: www.indexfungorum.org. Retrieved October 12, 2014 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Michael J. Larsen, Bratislav Zak: Byssoporia gen. Nov .: taxonomy of the mycorrhizal fungus Poria terrestris . In: Canadian Journal of Botany . tape 56 , no. 9 , 1978, p. 1122–1129 (English, fpl.fs.fed.us [PDF]).
  2. ^ A b L. Ryvarden & RL Gilbertson: European polypores. Part 1 . In: Synopsis Fungorum . tape 6 , 1993, pp. 178 ( mycobank.org (genus) mycobank.org - description of the species).
  3. ↑ A. Bernicchia & SP Gorjón: Corticiaceae s. l. In: Fungi Europaei . tape 12 , 2010, p. 196 ( mycobank.org (genus) mycobank.org - description of the species).
  4. ↑ TD Bruns et al .: A sequence database for identification of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes by phylogenetic analysis . In: Molecular Ecology . tape 7 , 1998, pp. 257–272 ( nature.berkeley.edu [PDF; 621 kB ]).
  5. ↑ Steven L. Miller et al .: Perspectives in the new Russulales . In: Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . tape 98 , no. 6 , 2006, p. 960-970 , PMID 17486972 .
  6. ^ Karl-Henrik Larsson: Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi . In: Elsevier (Ed.): Mycological research . tape 111 , no. 9 , 2007, p. 1040-1063 .
  7. ↑ C. Váczy: Lexicon botanicum polyglottum: . Latino Dacoromanico Anglico - Germanico - Gallico - Hungarico - Rossicum. Bucharest 1980, p. 286 , col. 103 ( mek.niif.hu [PDF; 41.1 MB ]).
  8. ^ Karl Ernst Georges: porus . Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 3108 ( zeno.org ).
  9. ^ Karl Ernst Georges: terrestris . Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 3108 ( zeno.org ).

Web links

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