Sheepporlings
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Albatrellus ovinus is the type species of the genus |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Albatrellus | ||||||||||||
| Gray |
The Schafporlinge ( Albatrellus ) are the type genus of the family of Schafporlingsverwandten (Albatrellaceae). The genus contains soil-dwelling ectomycorrhizal fungi , which are associated with deciduous and coniferous trees. The fleshy, mostly short-lived fruit bodies are divided into a hat and a central or eccentric stem. The hymenophore is tubular. The gloeoplere hyphae typical of the order are common, but cystidia are absent. The spores are smooth, more or less elliptical and hyaline. They can be amyloid or inamyloid . After molecular biological investigations had shown that the genus is polyphyletic , numerous species were placed in new genera. The type species of the genus is Albatrellus ovinus (Fr.) Kotl. & Pouz.
description
The annual and mostly short-lived fruiting bodies are divided into a hat and a stem . The stem can be central or eccentric, a velum universale (a membrane that completely encloses the stem and the hat) is missing. The hat is 3-18 cm wide, arched, spread out flat or deepened in a funnel shape. It is smooth to tomentose, dry and whitish, yellowish, ocher yellow to brown in color. The hymenophore is tubular. The pores are small and colored white, yellow or yellow ocher. The stem is 1–8 cm long and 1–4 cm wide. A velum partiale (a membrane that encloses the spore-bearing lamellae or tubes from the brim of the hat to the stem) or a ring (a remnant of the velum partiale that remains on the stem) is missing. The meat is soft and brittle to quite tough. The spore powder is white to cream in color.
The 3.5–11 µm long and 2.5–6.5 µm wide spores are more or less rounded to elliptical, smooth, thick-walled and without germ pores. They are mostly inamyloid, so they do not react with iodine reagents. The basidia have partially at their base buckles missing, Zystiden. The hyphae system is monomitic , so there is only one type of hyphae. Buckles may be formed on septa or may be absent, the hyphae are often inflated. The hat skin (Pileipellis) is a trichoderm , a tomentum or a palisadoderm .
ecology
The Scharfporlinge are Ecto mycorrhizapilze of deciduous and coniferous trees. However, they may also be able to feed saprophytically .
Systematics
The genus was first scientifically described in 1821 by Samuel Frederick Gray. There are numerous heteronymous synonyms: Caloporus Quél. non P. Karsten (1886), Polyporus sect. Ovinus Lloyd (1911) and Ovinus (Lloyd) Torrend (1920), Scutiger (sensu Murrill) Paulet (1903) and Albatrellopsis Teixeira (1993).
After molecular biological investigations showed that the genus Albatrellus is polyphyletic, numerous species were separated and placed in newly defined genera. These species include the brown hairstalk porling ( Jahnoporus hirtus ), the goat's foot porling ( Scutiger pes-caprae ), the yellow-green comb porling ( Laeticutis cristata ), the meadow porling ( Xanthoporus syringae ), and the North American species Polyporoletus sublividus . In addition, Steven L. Miller and his coauthors were able to show that Albatrellus belongs to the Russula clade and therefore belongs to the order Russulales.
species
There are at least 14 known species worldwide, four of which are found in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The Haarstielporlinge ( Jahnoporus ), the Kammporlinge ( Laeticutis ) and the Ziegenfuß-Porlinge ( Scutiger ) no longer belong to this genus. The goat's foot porlings differ in their significantly larger spores and the hairstalk porlings have large, spindle-shaped spores. The saprophytic and potentially parasitic species such as the meadow porling ( Xanthoporus syringae ) were also separated.
| photo | Species name | description |
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Semmel-Porling Albatrellus confluens (Alb. & Schwein.) Kotl. & Pouzar 1957 |
Hat roll-colored, smooth, pores round and small (3–5 per mm). The stem does not turn brown. Hyphae with numerous buckles. |
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Lemon yellowish sheep porling
Albatrellus citrinus Ryman 2003 |
Hilly country to low mountain range, in base-rich spruce forests. Meat blackens when it dries up or after lying on the handle for a long time. |
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Schaf-Porling Albatrellus ovinus (Schaeff.) Kotl. & Pouzar 1957 |
The more or less whitish hat tears open with age, so that the yellowish flesh becomes visible in the cracks. The fresh stem and spores are devoid of reddish or orange tones. Hyphae (almost) without buckles, spores inamyloid. |
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Reddening Sheep Porling Albatrellus subrubescens (Murrill) Pouzar 1972 |
The hat skin rarely cracks. The fresh stem and the pore surface sometimes show a reddish or orange tinge. Hyphae (almost) without buckles, amyloid spores. |
meaning
The species in the genus are edible. However, in Germany they are protected under the Federal Species Protection Ordinance and may not be collected.
swell
- M. Kuo: The Genus Albatrellus. In: MushroomExpert.Com. March 2010, accessed February 23, 2013 .
- M. Kuo: Key to Stemmed, Pale-Fleshed Polypores. In: MushroomExpert.Com. April 2007, accessed February 23, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 , p. 471.
- ↑ a b Albatrellus. Gray, 1: 645, 1821. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed February 19, 2013 .
- ↑ a b Jens H. Petersen & Thomas Læssøe: about the genus Albatrellus. In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 22, 2013 .
- ^ Samuel Frederick Gray : A natural arrangement of British plants . according to their relations to each other as pointed out by Jussieu, De Candolle, Brown. Ed .: F. Bataille, Besançon. Vol 1. London 1821, pp. 645 (English, online ).
- ↑ Albatrellus. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 645 (1821). In: CABI databases: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved February 20, 2013 .
- ↑ BK. Cui, Z. Wang, & YC. Dai: Albatrellus piceiphilus sp nov on the basis of morphological and molecular characters . In: Fungal Diversity . Vol.:28, 2008, pp. 41-48 ( online [PDF; 367 kB ]).
- ↑ Steven L. Miller et al .: Perspectives in the new Russulales . In: Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . Vol .: 98 (6), 2006, pp. 960-970 ( online [PDF]).
- ^ German Society for Mycology: The positive list of edible mushrooms. June 20, 2019, accessed August 2, 2020.
