Myogenic factor 3
| Myogenic factor 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 320 amino acids | |
| Secondary to quaternary structure | Heterodimer | |
| Cofactor | ITF-2 | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name | MYOD1 | |
| External IDs | ||
| Occurrence | ||
| Homology family | Myogenic factors | |
| Parent taxon | Multicellular animals | |
Myogenic factor 3 (MyoD, Myf-3) is a protein in the cell nucleus of animals that binds to the DNA of certain genes and thereby increases or slows down the transcription of these genes, a so-called transcription factor . Together with Myogenin , Myf-5 and Myf-6, MyoD allows fibroblasts to differentiate into myoblasts and thus initiates the development of skeletal muscles . The presence of MyoD (or Myf-5) alone is sufficient as a triggering factor. MyoD belongs to the family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors
Electrical muscle stimulation can increase the expression of MyoD. Rats with diaphragm - myopathy reported greatly reduced MyoD expression on. In contrast, it was increased in the muscles of aging mice. In breeding pigs, a variant of MyoD is associated with high meat quality.
function
In fibroblasts, the formation of MyoD is completely suppressed by the binding of the homeobox factor Msx1 and histone 1B to the myod enhancer. The elements that lead to the initial transcription of MyoD and Myf-5 are still unknown, with the simultaneous elimination of Myf-5 and Pax3 preventing MyoD expression.
To the protein production of the nucleus to change to time be operated MyoD several mechanisms: by activation of MEF2 and the p38 kinase - signal path , it provides for continued own expression in a temporal pattern over several days; changing the chromatin context prevents the muscle cell from falling back into old production processes; and by using a different initiation complex , the normal promoter effects are bypassed.
Individual evidence
- ↑ UniProt P15172
- ↑ a b Tapscott SJ: The circuitry of a master switch: Myod and the regulation of skeletal muscle gene transcription . In: Development . 132, No. 12, June 2005, pp. 2685-95. doi : 10.1242 / dev.01874 . PMID 15930108 .
- ↑ Serena E, Flaibani M, Carnio S, et al : Electrophysiologic stimulation improves myogenic potential of muscle precursor cells grown in a 3D collagen scaffold . In: Neurol. Res. . 30, No. 2, March 2008, pp. 207-14. doi : 10.1179 / 174313208X281109 . PMID 18397614 .
- ↑ Lopes Fda S, Carvalho RF, Campos GE, et al : Down-regulation of MyoD gene expression in rat diaphragm muscle with heart failure . In: Int J Exp Pathol . 89, No. 3, June 2008, pp. 216-22. doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2613.2008.00587.x . PMID 18460074 .
- ↑ Sakuma K, Akiho M, Nakashima H, Akima H, Yasuhara M: Age-related reductions in expression of serum response factor and myocardin-related transcription factor A in mouse skeletal muscles . In: Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1782, No. 7-8, 2008, pp. 453-61. doi : 10.1016 / j.bbadis.2008.03.008 . PMID 18442487 .
- ↑ Liu M, Peng J, Xu DQ, et al : Association of MYF5 and MYOD1 gene polymorphisms and meat quality traits in Large White x Meishan F2 pig populations . In: Biochem. Genet. . 46, No. 11-12, December 2008, pp. 720-32. doi : 10.1007 / s10528-008-9187-1 . PMID 18777094 .
- ↑ Deato MD, Marr MT, Sottero T, Inouye C, Hu P, Tjian R : MyoD targets TAF3 / TRF3 to activate myogenin transcription . In: Mol. Cell . 32, No. 1, October 2008, pp. 96-105. doi : 10.1016 / j.molcel.2008.09.009 . PMID 18851836 . PMC 2629732 (free full text).