NPP Zvezda
NPP Zvezda ( Russian НПП Звезда , English RD&PE Zvezda ) is a Russian manufacturer from Tomilino near Moscow of life support systems for aircraft and manned spaceflight . The product range extends from space suits and ejection seats to life jackets and fire extinguishing systems. The name "Zvezda" means "star" in Russian.
NPP Zvezda was founded in 1952 to develop pressure suits and air refueling systems . The development of spacesuits began in the 1960s. The first person in space, Yuri Gagarin , was equipped with an SK-1 suit from NPP Zvezda. The type of launch, the Soyuz - spacecraft used Sokol space suits come just as those on the International Space Station Russian used Orlan-M -Raumanzüge for this manufacturer. Since 1994 Zvezda has been a private company in the form of a joint stock company .
The chief designer and general director was Gai Ilyich Sewerin until 2008 .
Development history
Between 1953 and 1957 NPP Zvezda developed and built pressurized cabins for animals. These had a life support system and were used for flight experiments on board sounding rockets . From 1959 to 1961 the development of the “Skafander Kosmitscheski-1” or “ Space Suit-1” for the first Vostok flight took place. Yuri Gagarin and the other Vostok and Voschod cosmonauts flew into space wearing a suit from the “SK-1” series. The first female cosmonaut, Valentin Tereschkowa , was given a version that was adapted to the female physiology and called "SK-2".
Then from 1964 to 1965 Zvezda developed the first suit for a space exit (EVA), called " Berkut ". With this, Alexei Leonov became the first person to go into space during the Vozhod-2 mission. From this a new model called " Jastreb " was developed in 1967 . This was in 1969 by the Kosmonauten Jelissejew and Khrunov during the 4-Sojus / 5 used mission.
After the tragic loss of the Soyuz-11 crew, the Soviet government ordered the development of a rescue suit for take-off and landing. Experience with the SK-1 and the pressure suit for fighter pilots "Sokol" resulted in the space suit called " Sokol-K ".
The " Orlan " space suit was developed for EVAs in the 1970s and has undergone several modifications over the years (Orlan-D, Orlan-DM, Orlan-DMA). The last variant, "Orlan-M", is used for outboard work on the Russian part of the International Space Station .
Ejection seat production
NPP Zvezda is the main supplier of ejection seats to the Russian Air Force.
The following ejection seat models have been manufactured so far:
- K-36 - basic model
- K-36D - production model (used in Mikojan-Gurevich MiG-29 C, Sukhoi Su-27 )
- K-36DM - production model (used in Mikojan-Gurevich MiG-29 A)
- K-36D-3,5 - production model (proposed for the F-22 and Lockheed Martin F-35 , but used in the Sukhoi Su-57 )
- K-36LM - production model (used in Tupolev Tu-160 )
- K-36RB - modification for the discontinued Buran program
- K-37 - production model (used in Kamow-Ka-50 and Kamow Ka-52 attack helicopters)
- К-93L-39 - Production model (used in Aero L-39 Albatros)
- K-36L-3,5Ya - new variant, indefinite
- CKC-94M - production model (for light aircraft such as Sukhoi Su-26, Jak-52)
- СКС-94М-1 - serial model with adjustable height adjustment, weight 25 kg
- СКС-94М2 - improved production model for 30 years of service life
Web links
- Company website of NPP Zvezda (English / Russian)
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- ↑ Wokrug Sweta: A Brief History of the Origin and Development of Soviet and Russian Space Suits ( Memento from September 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Russian)