Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova

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Valentina Tereshkova
Valentina Tereshkova
Valentina Tereshkova Signature.svg
Soviet cosmonaut.
The first woman in space
Country: USSR
Call sign: Чайка
Chaika: " Seagull "
selected on March 12, 1962
(cosmonaut
group)
Calls: 1 space flight
Begin: June 16, 1963
Landing: June 19, 1963
Time in space: 2 d 22 h 50 min
retired on 1969
Space flights
Valentina Tereshkova
Special stamp of the GDR from 1963
Valentina Tereschkowa 1973 in East Berlin (with Angela Davis )

Valentina Tereshkova ( Russian Валентина Владимировна Терешкова ., Scientific transliteration Valentina Vladimirovna Tereškova , married Valentina Tereshkova-Nikolayeva * 6. March 1937 in Maslennikowo at Tutayev , Yaroslavl Oblast , Russian SFSR ) is a former Soviet cosmonaut . She was the first woman in space in 1963 ( also the only one until Svetlana Savitskaya's space flight in 1982) and is still the only woman in space flight history to fly alone, i.e. H. without the company of male colleagues.

Life

She is the daughter of a textile worker and a tractor driver who died in the Finnish winter war . After her father's death, her mother moved with the children to Yaroslavl to find better employment opportunities and was employed in the Krasny Perekop cotton mill . Even as a teenager, she then worked in a factory for car tires in a spinning - Combine . She worked there as a cutter and ironer for seven years. In addition to work, she attended evening school to become a technician . In 1960 she received her technical diploma.

From 1955 onwards, Valentina Tereshkova was an avid skydiver . She was a great admirer of Yuri Gagarin . She applied for the cosmonaut school several times. In 1962 she was able to take the entrance exam and begin training as a cosmonaut.

On June 16, 1963, Valentina Tereschkowa took off on board Vostok 6 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on an almost three-day trip into space and orbited the earth 48 times. Her radio call name was Chaika (seagull). On June 19, she landed near Novosibirsk , where Tereshkova was enthusiastically received. In Moscow she was honored with the title of Aviation Cosmonaut of the Soviet Union .

On November 3, 1963, she married Andrijan Nikolajew , who had participated in the Vostok 3 expedition as a cosmonaut . In 1964 she gave birth to their daughter Elena. Tereschkowa then studied at the Zhukovsky Engineering Academy of the Soviet Air Force . In May 1966 she was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR , in May 1968 chairwoman of the Women's Committee of the USSR and in 1971 a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU . From 1974 she was in the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and from 1976 deputy chairwoman of the "Commission for Education, Science and Culture" of the Union Soviet.

She divorced Andrijan Nikolajew in 1982. In her second marriage she was married to the orthopedic surgeon Juli Georgijewitsch Schaposchnikow, who died in 1999.

In 1994 she was appointed head of the “Russian Center for International Cultural and Scientific Cooperation” (today: Rossotrudnitschestvo ) by the Russian government. She held this position until 2004.

For the United Russia party , she was a member of the regional Duma of Yaroslavl Oblast and then a member of the State Duma . On March 10, 2020, she successfully applied for a constitutional amendment to relax the term limits of the Russian President.

She has the military rank of major general i. R. of the Russian Air Force.

In June 2013, she said at a press conference in Russia that she was ready for a flight to Mars without returning. " Mars is my favorite planet ," says Tereschkowa.

At the opening ceremony for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, she carried the Olympic flag as one of eight bearers on February 7, 2014 .

honors and awards

literature

  • Erwin Bekier: Walja, the first female cosmonaut , children's book publisher Berlin, 1976
  • Monika Gibas : “Venus from Star City”. Valentina Tereshkova. Heroine of Modernity in the GDR , in: Silke Satjukow ; Rainer Gries (ed.): Socialist heroes. A cultural history of propaganda figures in Eastern Europe and the GDR . Berlin, Ch. Links, 2002, ISBN 3-86153-271-9 , pp. 147-157
  • Barbara Krause : The girl from Maslennikow , children's book publisher Berlin, 1974

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Evans, B: Escaping the Bonds of Earth: The Fifties and the Sixties, Springer Verlag 2009
  2. ↑ Hellmuth Vensky: The cosmonaut who fights for Putin. In: www.zeit.de. March 6, 2012, accessed March 10, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Putin presents scenario for staying in power. In: www.afp.com. March 10, 2020, accessed March 10, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Frank Nienhuysen: How Putin could be president for longer. In: www.sueddeutsche.de. March 10, 2020, accessed March 10, 2020 .
  5. ↑ spacefacts.de: biography
  6. ^ Street lexicon Frankfurt: Valentina-Tereschkowa-Straße in Frankfurt / Oder ( Memento from 7 December 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ^ Schools in Saxony: Valentina Tereschkowa Primary School
  8. ↑ Президент вручил Валентине Терешковой орден Александра Невского. Rossija K , June 14, 2013, accessed January 31, 2014 (Russian).
  9. ↑ First UNESCO Space Science Medals awarded to four prominent scientists and space practitioners

Web links

Commons : Valentina Tereshkowa  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Tereshkova, Valentina Vladimirovna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Терешкова, Валентина Владимировна; Tereškova, Valentina Vladimirovna; Tereshkowa-Nikolayeva, Valentina
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet cosmonaut
DATE OF BIRTH March 6, 1937
PLACE OF BIRTH Maslennikowo near Yaroslavl on the Volga