Records of manned spaceflight

This list includes all of the human spaceflight records for the following categories:

• longest time in space (for a single flight or for all flights of the spaceman),
• longest time on the moon
• most space flights,
• Space exits (EVAs) according to number and duration,
• maximum speeds and distances achieved,
• the oldest people in space,
• most people in space at the same time,
• Others

Flight duration

Longest total time in space

Current ranking by space travelers

Duration	Surname	country	Number of flights	Years
878 days	Gennadi Padalka	Russia	5	1998-2015
827 days	Yuri Malenchenko	Russia	6th	1994-2016
803 days	Sergei Krikalev	Soviet Union / Russia	6th	1988-2005
769 days	Alexander Kaleri	Russia	5	1992-2011
747 days	Sergei Avdejew	Russia	3	1992-1999
736 days	Oleg Kononenko	Russia	4th	2008-2019
678 days	Valery Polyakov	Soviet Union / Russia	2	1988-1995
672 days	Fyodor Yurchikhin	Russia	5	2002-2017
665 days	Peggy Whitson	United States	3	2002-2017
651 days	Anatoly Solovyov	Soviet Union / Russia	5	1988-1998

Source:

The list, which is dominated by Soviet / Russian space travelers, shows that long-term stays on board space stations have long been and still are a domain of Soviet / Russian space travel. In 9th place comes Peggy Whitson, a NASA astronaut. The highest placed astronaut not from the USSR / Russia or the USA is the Italian Luca Parmitano with 366 days, followed by the Germans Alexander Gerst with 362 days and Thomas Reiter with 350 days and the Japanese Kōichi Wakata with 347 days.

historical development

At the beginning of manned space travel it was still unclear how long a person could stay in space. The second spaceman, German Titow, suffered from space sickness . In addition, flights with dogs that lasted for several weeks showed that the bones were significantly degraded. Only with the systematic investigation of the phenomenon and targeted training were longer periods of stay in space possible.

It was also shown that the body can get used to weightlessness better with repeated flights.

Date (last landing)	Duration	Surname	Flights	comment
April 12, 1961	000 d 01 h 48 min	Yuri Gagarin	Vostok 1	first manned space flight
0August 7, 1961	001 d 01 h	German Titov	Vostok 2	First to suffer from space sickness
15th August 1962	003 d 22 h	Andrijan Nikolayev	Vostok 3
June 19, 1963	004 d 23 h	Valery Bykovsky	Vostok 5	last record for a solo flight
August 29, 1965	009 d 09 h	Gordon Cooper	Mercury Atlas 9 , Gemini 5	first USA record
December 18, 1965	013 d 18 h	Frank Borman James Lovell	Gemini 7
November 15, 1966	017 d 17 h	James Lovell	Gemini 7, Gemini 12
December 21, 1968	023 d 20 h	James Lovell	Gemini 7, Gemini 12, Apollo 8
April 17, 1970	029 d 19 h	James Lovell	Gemini 7, Gemini 12, Apollo 8, Apollo 13	first human with four space flights
June 22, 1973	049 d	Charles Conrad	Gemini 5 , Gemini 11 , Apollo 12 , Skylab 2
September 25, 1973	069 d	Alan Bean	Apollo 12, Skylab 3
0February 8, 1974	084 d	Gerald Carr Edward Gibson William Pogue	Skylab 4	last USA record
March 16, 1978	125 d	Georgi Grechko	Soyuz 17 , Salyut 6 EO-1 : Soyuz 26 / Soyuz 27
0November 2nd 1978	141 d	Vladimir Kovalyonok	Soyuz 25 , Salyut 6 EO-2 : Soyuz 29 / Soyuz 31
19th August 1979	177 d	Valery Ryumin	Soyuz 25, Salyut 6 EO-3 : Soyuz 32 / Soyuz 34
October 11, 1980	361 d	Valery Ryumin	Soyuz 25, Salyut 6 EO-3: Soyuz 32 / Soyuz 34, Salyut 6 EO-4 : Soyuz 35 / Soyuz 37
July 16, 1986	374 d	Leonid Kisim	Soyuz T-3 , Soyuz T-10 / Soyuz T-11 , Soyuz T-15
December 29, 1987	430 d	Yuri Romanenko	Salyut 6 EO-1 , Soyuz 38 , Soyuz TM-2 / Soyuz TM-3
May 26, 1991	541 d	Mussa Manarov	Soyuz TM-4 / Soyuz TM-6 , Soyuz TM-11
March 22, 1995	678 d	Valery Polyakov	Soyuz TM-6 / Soyuz TM-7, Soyuz TM-18 / Soyuz TM-20
August 28, 1999	747 d	Sergei Avdejew	Soyuz TM-15 , Soyuz TM-22 , Soyuz TM-28 / Soyuz TM-29	Person who has spent most (three) birthdays in space
October 11, 2005	803 d	Sergei Krikalev	Soyuz TM-7 , Soyuz TM-12 / Soyuz TM-13 , STS-60 , STS-88 , ISS Expedition 1 : Soyuz TM-31 / STS-102 , ISS Expedition 11 : Soyuz TMA-6
September 12, 2015	878 d	Gennadi Padalka	Sojus TM-28 , Expedition 9 : Sojus TMA-4 , Expedition 19 / 20 , Expedition 31 / 32 , Expedition 43 / 44

Source:

Longest space flight

Current ranking

Duration	Surname	mission	Takeoff and landing
437 days	Valery Polyakov	Mir LD-4 : Soyuz TM-18 / Soyuz TM-20	January 8, 1994 to March 22, 1995
379 days	Sergei Avdejew	Mir EO-26 / -27 : Soyuz TM-28 / Soyuz TM-29	August 13, 1998 to August 28, 1999
365 days	Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov	Mir EO-3 : Soyuz TM-4 / Soyuz TM-6	December 21, 1987 to December 21, 1988
340 days	Scott Kelly and Mikhail Korniyenko	ISS expedition 43 to 46	March 27, 2015 to March 2, 2016
328 days	Christina Hammock cook	ISS expedition 59 to 61	March 15, 2019 to February 6, 2020
326 days	Yuri Romanenko	Mir LD-1 : Soyuz TM-2 / Soyuz TM-3	February 5, 1987 to December 29, 1987
311 days	Sergei Krikalev	Mir LD-3 : Soyuz TM-12 / Soyuz TM-13	May 18, 1991 to March 25, 1992
289 days	Peggy Whitson	Soyuz MS-03 / Expedition 50 / 51 / 52	November 17, 2016 to September 3, 2017

history

Duration	Surname	mission	Takeoff and landing	comment
1 h 48 min	Yuri Gagarin	Vostok 1	April 12, 1961	first space flight
1 d 1 h	German Titov	Vostok 2	August 6th - 7th August 1961
3 d 22 h	Andrijan Nikolayev	Vostok 3	August 11–15. August 1962
4 d 23 h	Valery Bykovsky	Vostok 5	June 14th – June 19th June 1963	still the longest solo flight in space history *
7 d 22 h	Gordon Cooper and Charles Conrad	Gemini 5	August 21-29 August 1965
13 days	Frank Borman and James Lovell	Gemini 7	December 4th-18th December 1965
17 days	Andrijan Nikolajew , Vitaly Sevastyanov	Soyuz 9	June 1–19. June 1970	last endurance record that was set entirely in a spaceship
23 days	Georgi Dobrowolski , Viktor Pazajew , Wladislaw Volkov	Soyuz 11	June 6th - 29th June 1971	first endurance record set up in a space station
28 days	Charles Conrad , Paul Weitz , Joseph Kerwin	Skylab 2	May 25–22. June 1973
59 days	Alan Bean , Jack Lousma , Owen Garriott	Skylab 3	July 28th – April 25th September 1973
84 days	Gerald Carr , William Pogue , Edward Gibson	Skylab 4	November 16, 1973-8. February 1974
96 days	Yuri Romanenko and Georgi Grechko	Salyut 6 EO-1 : Soyuz 26 / Soyuz 27	December 10, 1977-16. March 1978
139 days	Vladimir Kovaljonok and Alexander Ivanchenkov	Salyut 6 EO-2 : Soyuz 29 / Soyuz 31	June 15–2. November 1978
175 days	Vladimir Lyakhov , Valery Ryumin	Salyut 6 EO-3 : Soyuz 32 / Soyuz 34	February 25–19. August 1979
184 days	Leonid Popov , Valery Ryumin	Salyut 6 EO-4 : Soyuz 35 / Soyuz 37	April 9-11. October 1980
211 days	Anatoly Berezovoy and Valentin Lebedev	Salyut 7 EO-1 : Soyuz T-5 / Soyuz T-7	May 13th – 10th December 1982
236 days	Leonid Kisim , Vladimir Solovyov , Oleg Atkow	Salyut 7 EO-3 : Soyuz T-10 / Soyuz T-11	February 8–2. October 1984
326 days	Yuri Viktorovich Romanenko	Mir LD-1 : Soyuz TM-2 / Soyuz TM-3	February 5–29. December 1987
365 days	Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov	Mir EO-3 : Soyuz TM-4 / Soyuz TM-6	December 21, 1987-21. December 1988
437 days	Valery Polyakov	Mir LD-4 : Soyuz TM-18 / Soyuz TM-20	January 8, 1994-22. March 1995

* Note on Vostok 5: 2 days and 23 hours of which at the same time as Vostok 6 in space. Georgi Timofejewitsch Beregovoi spent the longest time alone in space with Soyuz 3: 3 days and 23 hours from October 26th to 30th, 1968

Longest time on the moon

The time from the touchdown of the lunar module to its take-off is taken into account.

Duration	Surname	mission	Landing and take-off
74 h 59 min	Eugene Cernan , Jack Schmitt	Apollo 17	December 11th-14th December 1972
71 h 02 min	John Young , Charles Duke	Apollo 16	April 21–24 April 1972
65 h 55 min	David Scott , James Irwin	Apollo 15	July 31–2. August 1971
33 h 30 min	Alan Shepard , Edgar Mitchell	Apollo 14	February 5th – 6th February 1971
31 h 31 min	Charles Conrad , Alan Bean	Apollo 12	November 19–21. November 1969
21 h 36 min	Neil Armstrong , Buzz Aldrin	Apollo 11	July 20–21. July 1969

Number of space flights

Ranking by number of space missions

• 7 space flights: Jerry Ross (since April 2002), Franklin Chang-Diaz (since June 2002)
• 6 space flights: John Young (since November 1983), Story Musgrave (since November 1996), Curtis Brown (since December 1999), Jim Wetherbee (since November 2002), Colin Michael Foale (since October 2003), Sergei Krikaljow (since April 2005 ), Yuri Malentschenko (since December 2015)

If one were to take the number of space flights, John Young would have been the first to complete seven space flights, since he started a space flight from the surface of the moon. All astronauts who have landed on the moon would have one more space flight.

Of the space travelers of the host nations (not the Soviet Union / Russia, USA or China) the Swiss Claude Nicollier and the Japanese Kōichi Wakata hold the record with four space flights.

history

number	date	Surname	mission	comment
2	March 23, 1965	Virgil Grissom	Gemini 3	Grissom's first space flight was suborbital; first spaceman to pilot two types of spaceships; first spaceman who was twice in command of a space mission
2	August 21, 1965	Gordon Cooper	Gemini 5	first human in orbit for the second time
2	December 15, 1965	Walter Schirra	Gemini 6
2	3rd June 1966	Tom Stafford	Gemini 9	first spaceman to pilot the same type of spaceship twice
2	July 18, 1966	John Young	Gemini 10
2	September 12, 1966	Charles Conrad	Gemini 11
2	November 11, 1966	James Lovell	Gemini 12
2	April 23, 1967	Vladimir Komarov	Soyuz 1	first cosmonaut with two missions, fatally injured on landing
3	October 11, 1968	Walter Schirra	Apollo 7	first person to pilot three different types of spaceships and only person to have actively participated in Mercury , Gemini and Apollo missions; first spaceman to command a mission three times.
3	December 21, 1968	James Lovell	Apollo 8
3	May 18, 1969	Tom Stafford and John Young	Apollo 10
3	November 14, 1969	Charles Conrad	Apollo 12
4th	April 11, 1970	James Lovell	Apollo 13	first person to fly to the moon a second time
4th	April 16, 1972	John Young	Apollo 16	as the first person the second time in lunar orbit
4th	May 25, 1973	Charles Conrad	Skylab 2
4th	15th July 1975	Tom Stafford	Apollo Soyuz Project
5	April 12, 1981	John Young	STS-1	first human to pilot four different types of spacecraft and only human to have participated in Gemini, Apollo and STS missions
6th	November 28, 1983	John Young	STS-9	first person to command a mission four times
6th	November 19, 1996	Story Musgrave	STS-80
6th	June 2, 1998	Franklin Chang-Diaz	STS-91
6th	4th December 1998	Jerry Ross	STS-88
7th	April 8, 2002	Jerry Ross	STS-110
7th	June 5, 2002	Franklin Chang-Diaz	STS-111

Space Exits (EVAs)

See also : List of space exits

Most of the EVAs

number	Total duration	Surname	country	Years	Space station
16	78 h 48 min	Anatoly Solovyov	USSR / Russia	1990-1998	Me
10	67 h 40 min	Michael López-Alegría	United States	2000-2007	ISS
10	61 h 10 min	Robert Behnken	United States	2008-2020	ISS
10	60 h 21 min	Peggy Whitson	United States	2002-2017	ISS
10	54 h 51 min	Christopher Cassidy	United States	2009-2020	ISS
10	41 h 00 min	Sergei Avdejew	Russia	1992-1999	Me
10	31 h 49 min	Alexander Serebrov	USSR / Russia	1990-1993	Me
9	61 h 48 min	Andrew Feustel	United States	2009-2018	Space Shuttle ( Hubble Telescope Repair), ISS
9	59 h 28 min	Fyodor Yurchikhin	Russia	2007-2017	ISS
9	58 h 18 min	Jerry Ross	United States	1985-2002	ISS
9	48 h 37 min	Mike Fincke	United States	2004-2011	ISS
9	42 h 32 min	Yuri Onufrijenko	Russia	1996-2002	Me, eat
9	37 h 46 min	Vladimir Dezhurov	Russia	1995-2001	Me, eat
8th	58 h 30 min	John Grunsfeld	United States	1999-2009	Space Shuttle (Hubble)
8th	44 h 25 min	Nikolai Budarin	Russia	1995-1998	Me
8th	41 h 26 min	Sergei Krikalev	USSR / Russia	1991-2005	Me, eat
8th	31 h 40 min	Leonid Kisim	USSR	1984-1986	Salyut 7
8th	31 h 38 min	Vladimir Solovyov	USSR	1984-1986	Salyut 7

The greatest EVA experience

There are different definitions for the duration of a space exit, so that there may be deviations from other sources.

Total duration	number	Surname	country	Years	comment
78 h 48 min	16	Anatoly Solovyov	USSR / Russia	1990-1998	Me
67 h 40 min	10	Michael López-Alegría	United States	2000-2007	ISS
61 h 48 min	09	Andrew Feustel	United States	2009-2018	Space Shuttle ( Hubble ), ISS
61 h 10 min	10	Robert Behnken	United States	2008-2020	ISS
60 h 21 min	10	Peggy Whitson	United States	2002-2017	ISS
59 h 28 min	09	Fyodor Yurchikhin	Russia	2007-2017	ISS
58 h 30 min	09	John Grunsfeld	United States	1999-2009	Space Shuttle (Hubble)
58 h 18 min	09	Jerry Ross	United States	1985-2002	Space Shuttle, ISS
54 h 51 min	10	Christopher Cassidy	United States	2008-2020	ISS
50 h 40 min	07th	Sunita Williams	United States	2006–2012	ISS

The spaceman with the most EVA experience, who does not come from Russia (or the Soviet Union) or the USA, is the Swede Christer Fuglesang , who achieved 31 hours and 54 minutes with five exits. The German Thomas Reiter has 14 hours and 15 minutes of EVA experience after three exits. Peggy Whitson is in 5th place on the list with 60 hours and 21 minutes, making it the first woman.

Duration of individual space exits

Current ranking

Duration	Surname	date	mission	comment
8 h 56 min	James Voss and Susan Helms	March 11, 2001	STS-102	Working on the ISS
8 h 29 min	Pierre Thuot , Thomas Akers and Richard Hieb	May 13, 1992	STS-49	Repair of an Intelsat satellite , so far the only EVA with three astronauts
8 h 17 min	Akihiko Hoshide and Sunita Williams	August 30, 2012	ISS expedition 32	Working on the ISS
8 h 15 min	Steven Smith and John Grunsfeld	December 22, 1999	STS-103	Repair of the Hubble Space Telescope
8 h 10 min	Michael Foale and Claude Nicollier	December 23, 1999	STS-103	Repair of the Hubble Space Telescope
8 h 08 min	Steven Smith and John Grunsfeld	December 24, 1999	STS-103	Repair of the Hubble Space Telescope
8 h 07 min	Michael Fincke and Andrew Feustel	May 22, 2011	STS-134	Working on the ISS
8 h 07 min	Oleg Kotow and Sergei Ryazansky	December 28, 2013	ISS expedition 38	Working on the ISS
8 h 03 min	Douglas Wheelock and Tracy Caldwell-Dyson	August 7, 2010	ISS expedition 24	Working on the ISS
8 h 02 min	Michael Massimino and Michael Good	May 17, 2009	STS-125	Repair of the Hubble Space Telescope

history

Duration	Surname	date	mission	comment
0 h 24 min	Alexei Leonov	March 18, 1965	Vozhod 2	First exit into space
2 h 07 min	Eugene Cernan	5th June 1966	Gemini 9
2 h 08 min	Richard Gordon	September 14, 1966	Gemini 11
2 h 29 min	Buzz Aldrin	November 12, 1966	Gemini 12	Standing in the open hatch (Stand-Up EVA)
2 h 31 min	Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin	July 21, 1969	Apollo 11	first trip to the moon
3 h 56 min	Charles Conrad and Alan Bean	19th November 1969	Apollo 12
4 h 47 min	Alan Shepard and Edgar Mitchell	5th February 1971	Apollo 14
6 h 32 min	David Scott and James Irwin	July 31, 1971	Apollo 15
7 h 12 min	David Scott and James Irwin	1st August 1971	Apollo 15
7 h 23 min	John Young and Charles Duke	April 22, 1972	Apollo 16
7 h 36 min	Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt	December 13, 1972	Apollo 17
8 h 29 min	Pierre Thuot , Thomas Akers and Richard Hieb	May 13, 1992	STS-49
8 h 56 min	James Voss and Susan Helms	March 11, 2001	STS-102

This list can be divided into three phases.

In the first phase of 1965/1966, space travelers left their spaceship in orbit to gain their first experience with space exits. The main problems were the movements in weightlessness and the air conditioning of the spacesuits.

The moon landings were in the second phase from 1969 to 1972. The exits were not made in weightlessness, but in the reduced gravity of the moon. Improved life support systems in the space suits allowed a stay of over seven hours outside the lunar module.

In the current phase of space travel, space exits are mostly used to control, set up and repair space stations or satellites. The work involved takes several hours and is determined less by the performance of the technical systems than by the physical stress limit of the space travelers. In this respect, no major increases in EVA durations are to be expected.

Gennady Iwanowitsch Padalka and Michael Reed Barratt made the shortest exit so far on June 10, 2009. They exchanged a hatch on the Russian segment of the station in just 12 minutes.

Speed ​​and distance

Greatest distance from the earth

history

distance	date	crew	Spaceship	comment
315 km	April 12, 1961	Yuri Gagarin	Vostok 1	first space flight
336 km	October 12, 1964	Vladimir Komarov , Konstantin Feoktistow , Boris Jegorow	Vozhod 1
475 km	March 18, 1965	Pavel Belyayev and Alexei Leonow	Vozhod 2
763 km	July 18, 1966	John Young and Michael Collins	Gemini 10	after coupling with a previously launched rocket stage, the spaceship is placed in a higher orbit
1372 km	September 14, 1966	Charles Conrad and Richard Gordon	Gemini 11	after coupling with a previously launched rocket stage, the spaceship is placed in a higher orbit
378,504 km	December 24, 1968	Frank Borman , William Anders , James Lovell	Apollo 8	first flight to the moon
401,056 km	April 14, 1970	James Lovell , Fred Haise , Jack Swigert	Apollo 13	Orbit around the moon without landing

Greatest speed

According to the laws of space physics, the orbital speed and the height of the orbit are linked to one another: the higher the orbit, the lower the orbital speed. The greatest speed could therefore be achieved in a very deep orbit. The theoretical highest value for a circular path is approx. 7800 m / s. However, since the orbits are not circular, but elliptical, higher speeds can also be achieved, which then lead to a greater apogee . In extreme cases, the apogee extends to the moon or beyond.

history

speed	date	crew	Spaceship	comment
07844 m / s	April 12, 1961	Yuri Gagarin	Vostok 1	first space flight
07850 m / s	3rd October 1962	Walter Schirra	Mercury Atlas 8
07892 m / s	March 18, 1965	Pavel Belyayev and Alexei Leonow	Vozhod 2
08003 m / s	September 12, 1966	Charles Conrad and Richard Gordon	Gemini 11	after coupling with a previously launched rocket stage, the spaceship is placed in a higher orbit
10807 m / s	December 21, 1968	Frank Borman , William Anders , James Lovell	Apollo 8	during bullet on lunar orbit
11082 m / s	May 26, 1969	Tom Stafford , Eugene Cernan , John Young	Apollo 10	during re-entry into the earth's atmosphere

Covered track

A space station moves around the earth at around 8 km / s, so that around 680,000 km are covered in one day. Thus, the flight times can be easily converted into the distance traveled, and the ranking list of the astronauts with the greatest distance traveled corresponds to the ranking list of the astronauts with the greatest flight duration. Inaccuracies due to different path speeds can be neglected.

Gennadi Padalka covered about 600 million kilometers in space during his 878 days. This corresponds to about four times the distance from the earth to the sun.

Oldest spacemen

Age at landing is taken into account.

Current ranking

Age	Surname	mission	Landing date	comment
77 years 3 months	John Glenn	STS-95	November 7, 1998
63 years 9 months	Michael Melvill	SpaceShipOne 16P	September 29, 2004	suborbital flight, oldest space pilot
61 years 3 months	Story Musgrave	STS-80	December 7, 1996
60 years 8 months	Dennis Tito	Soyuz TM-32	May 6, 2001	oldest spaceman on first flight
60 years 5 months	Gregory Olsen	Soyuz TMA-7	October 11, 2005
60 years 0 months	Pavel Vinogradov	Soyuz TMA-08M	11th September 2013
59 years 7 months	Vance Brand	STS-35	December 10, 1990
59 years 1 month	Jean-Loup Chrétien	STS-86	October 6, 1997	oldest western European in space
58 years 9 months	Valery Ryumin	STS-91	June 12, 1998
58 years 9 months	Karl Henize	STS-51-F	August 6, 1985	oldest professional astronaut on first flight

Historical development

Age years / months	Surname	mission	Landing date	comment
27/1	Yuri Gagarin	Vostok 1	April 12, 1961
37/5	Alan Shepard	Mercury Redstone 3	May 5, 1961	suborbital flight
40/7	John Glenn	Mercury Atlas 6	February 20, 1962
42/9	Walter Schirra	Gemini 6	December 16, 1965
45/7	Walter Schirra	Apollo 7	October 22, 1968
47/6	Georgi Beregowoi	Soyuz 3	October 30, 1968
48/7	Lev Djomin	Soyuz 15	August 28, 1974
51/4	Deke Slayton	ASTP	July 24, 1975
51/6	Vance Brand	STS-5	November 16, 1982
54/4	William Thornton	STS-8	5th September 1983
56/0	William Thornton	STS-51-B	May 6, 1985
58/9	Karl Henize	STS-51-F	August 6, 1985
59/7	Vance Brand	STS-35	December 10, 1990
61/3	Story Musgrave	STS-80	December 7, 1996
77/3	John Glenn	STS-95	November 7, 1998

Most people in space at the same time

Current ranking

The largest number of space travelers who were in space at the same time is 13. As long as the ISS crew consisted of only three people, this number could only be achieved if a space station crew was replaced with a Soyuz spaceship and a space at the same time -Shuttle mission ran. After the ISS crew was increased to six, this number was also achieved when a space shuttle with seven space travelers was docked. Then 13 people were on the same space station at the same time.

date	number	Spaceships and number of spacemen	comment
March 14th to March 18th 1995	13	Soyuz TM-20 / Mir (3) STS-67 (7) Soyuz TM-21 / Mir (3)	STS-67 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew
January 29 to January 31, 1998	13	Soyuz TM-26 / Mir (3) STS-89 (7) Soyuz TM-27 (3)	STS-89 undocked from the Mir space station shortly after Soyuz TM-27 launched
April 28 to May 1, 2001	13	ISS Expedition 2 (3) STS-100 (7) Soyuz TM-32 (3)	Soyuz TM-32 docked with the ISS a few hours after STS-100 undocked
March 26, 2009 to March 28, 2009	13	ISS Expedition 18 (3) STS-119 (7) Soyuz TMA-14 (3)	STS-119 and Soyuz TMA-14 replaced expedition members on the ISS in quick succession
July 15 to July 31, 2009	13	ISS Expedition 20 (6) STS-127 (7)	for the first time 13 people at the same time in the same space station
August 29 to September 12, 2009	13	ISS Expedition 20 (6) STS-128 (7)
December 2 to December 10, 1990	12	Soyuz TM-10 / Mir (2) STS-35 (7) Soyuz TM-11 / Mir (3)	STS-35 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew
March 24 to March 25, 1992	12	Soyuz TM-13 / Mir (3) Soyuz TM-14 / Mir (2) STS-45 (7)	STS-45 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew
July 31 to August 8, 1992	12	Soyuz TM-14 / Mir (3) Soyuz TM-15 / Mir (2) STS-46 (7)	STS-46 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew
July 8th to July 9th 1994	12	Soyuz TM-18 / Mir (3) Soyuz TM-19 / Mir (2) STS-65 (7)	STS-65 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew
October 3 to October 11, 1994	12	Soyuz TM-19 / Mir (3) STS-68 (6) Soyuz TM-20 / Mir (3)	STS-68 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew
November 3, 1994	12	Soyuz TM-19 / Mir (3) Soyuz TM-20 / Mir (3) STS-66 (6)	STS-66 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew

historical development

date	number	Spaceships and number of spacemen	comment
August 12 to August 15, 1962	2	Vostok 3 (1) Vostok 4 (1)	for the first time two spaceships in space at the same time
June 16 to June 19, 1963	2	Wostok 5 (1) Wostok 6 (1)
October 12, 1964 to October 13, 1964	3	Vozhod 1 (3)	for the first time several people in a spaceship
December 15 to December 16, 1965	4th	Gemini 7 (2) Gemini 6 (2)	first double flight of two Gemini spaceships
January 15 to January 17, 1969	4th	Soyuz 4 (1) Soyuz 5 (3)	first change from one spaceship to another
October 13 to October 16, 1969	7th	Soyuz 6 (2) Soyuz 7 (3) Soyuz 8 (2)	for the first time three manned spaceships in earth orbit
July 15 to July 21, 1975	7th	Soyuz 18 / Salyut 4 (2) Soyuz 19 (2) Apollo (3)	Coupling of the Apollo spacecraft with Soyuz 19 as part of the Apollo-Soyuz project . Soyuz 18 was not involved in this collaboration
June 27 to July 2, 1982	7th	Soyuz T-5 / Salyut 7 (2) Soyuz T-6 / Salyut 7 (3) STS-4 (2)	STS-4 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Salyut crew
April 6 to April 11, 1984	11	Soyuz T-10 / Salyut 7 (3) Soyuz T-11 / Salyut 7 (3) STS-41-C (5)	STS-41-C took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Salyut crew
December 2 to December 10, 1990	12	Soyuz TM-10 / Mir (2) STS-35 (7) Soyuz TM-11 / Mir (3)	STS-35 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew
March 24 to March 25, 1992	12	Soyuz TM-13 / Mir (3) Soyuz TM-14 / Mir (2) STS-45 (7)	STS-45 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew
July 31 to August 8, 1992	12	Soyuz TM-14 / Mir (3) Soyuz TM-15 / Mir (2) STS-46 (7)	STS-46 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew
July 8th to July 9th 1994	12	Soyuz TM-18 / Mir (3) Soyuz TM-19 / Mir (2) STS-65 (7)	STS-65 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew
October 3 to October 11, 1994	12	Soyuz TM-19 / Mir (3) STS-68 (6) Soyuz TM-20 / Mir (3)	STS-68 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew
November 3, 1994	12	Soyuz TM-19 / Mir (3) Soyuz TM-20 / Mir (3) STS-66 (6)	STS-66 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew
March 14th to March 18th 1995	13	Soyuz TM-20 / Mir (3) STS-67 (7) Soyuz TM-21 / Mir (3)	STS-67 took place simultaneously with the replacement of the Mir crew
January 29 to January 31, 1998	13	Soyuz TM-26 / Mir (3) STS-89 (7) Soyuz TM-27 (3)	STS-89 undocked from the Mir space station shortly after Soyuz TM-27 launched
April 28 to May 1, 2001	13	ISS Expedition 2 (3) STS-100 (7) Soyuz TM-32 (3)	Soyuz TM-32 docked a few hours after the STS-100 undocked from the ISS
March 26, 2009 to March 28, 2009	13	ISS Expedition 18 (3) STS-119 (7) Soyuz TMA-14 (3)	STS-119 and Soyuz TMA-14 replaced expedition members on the ISS in quick succession
July 15, 2009 to July 31, 2009	13	ISS Expedition 20 (6) STS-127 (7)	for the first time 13 people at the same time in the same space station
August 29 to September 12, 2009	13	ISS Expedition 20 (6) STS-128 (7)

Most of the people on board the same spacecraft

With the further development of space travel, the carrying capacities of the rockets increased and more people could be launched at the same time. The limit lay in the size of the spacecraft that they inhabited during the flight. With the development of coupling adapters, it then became possible to create mechanical connections between spacecraft, thus increasing the overall capacity of the connected elements. While this was only limited for spaceships by their size and one adapter, only regulations currently prevent an increase in space stations beyond a total crew of 13 people.

historical development

date	number	Spaceships and number of spacemen	set	comment
April 12, 1961	1	Vostok 1 (1)	13 ×	First flight of a manned spaceship
October 12, 1964 to October 13, 1964	3	Vozhod 1 (3)	2 ×	For the first time several people in a spaceship
January 14, 1969 to January 16, 1969	4th	Soyuz 4 (1) Soyuz 5 (3)	0 ×	First coupling of two manned spaceships
July 15 to July 21, 1975	5	Soyuz 19 (2) Apollo (3)	3 ×	Coupling of the Apollo spacecraft with Soyuz 19 as part of the Apollo-Soyuz project .
November 28 to 0December 8, 1983	6th	STS-9 (6)	1 ×	First flight with 6 people
April 12 to April 19, 1985	7th	STS-51-D (7)	2 ×	First flight with 7 people
October 30 to 0November 6, 1985	8th	STS-61-A (8)	0 ×	First flight with 8 people
June 29 to 0July 4, 1995	10	Soyuz TM-21 / Mir (3) STS-71 (7)	18 ×	First coupling of a space shuttle with the Mir space station
July 17, 2009	13	Soyuz TMA-14 / Soyuz TMA-15 / ISS Expedition 20 (6), STS-127 (7)	2 ×	First coupling of three manned spaceships.

Others

Age

• Youngest spaceman: German Titow was only 25 years old when he flew with Vostok 2 .
• Youngest commander of a multi-person spaceship: Pyotr Klimuk was only 31 years old when he flew Soyuz 13 .
• The youngest crew of a multi-person spaceship: Pyotr Klimuk and Valentin Lebedew were both only 31 years old when they flew Soyuz 13 .
• Oldest crew: The Soyuz TMA-7 crew consisted of Valery Tokarev (52 years old), William S. McArthur (54 years old) and Gregory Olsen (60 years old), giving an average age of almost 56 years.

Periods

• Shortest distance between two space flights: due to technical problems, flight STS-83 had to be terminated prematurely in April 1997. NASA repeated the flight as STS-94 with the same crew, causing the astronauts Halsell , Still-Kilrain , Voss , Thomas , Gernhardt , Crouch and Linteris to re-launch into space just 84 days after landing.
• Longest time between two space flights: 36 years passed between John Glenn's two space flights with Mercury-Atlas 6 and STS-95 .
• Shortest total time of a person in an orbital space flight: Yuri Gagarin with 1 hour 48 minutes
• Shortest total time in space of a person with several orbital space flights: Virgil Grissom with 5 h 7 min
• Longest time between selection and space flight: Leonid Kadenjuk was selected as a Soviet cosmonaut in 1976, but only flew into space 21 years and 3 months later with the STS-87 , meanwhile as a Ukrainian citizen on an American space shuttle.
• Longest uninterrupted space travel career: There were 20 years and 8 months between the first and fourth spaceflight of Valery Ryumin .
• Longest period with at least one person in space : Since October 31, 2000 7:52:47 UTC, at least one person has always been in space. This is the longest time since October 23, 2010 that at least one person has been in space. It is currently 7242 days. The previous record period of 3,644 days was between the launch of Soyuz TM-8 on September 5, 1989 and the landing of Soyuz TM-29 on August 28, 1999.
• Not a single person in space for the last time : The period between the landing of STS-92 on October 24, 2000 at 20:59:41 UTC and the launch of Soyuz TM-31 to the international space station ISS on October 31, 2000 at 07:52: 47 UTC was the last phase so far in which not a single person was in space. This phase lasted 6 days 10 hours 53 minutes.

Spaceships and space stations

• First astronaut to pilot two types of spaceships: Virgil Grissom flew Mercury-Redstone 4 (1961) and Gemini 3 in 1964.
• First spaceman to pilot three types of spaceships: Walter Schirra flew Mercury-Atlas 8 (1963), Gemini 6 (1966) and Apollo 7 (1968).
• First spaceman to pilot four types of spaceship: John Young flew Gemini 3 (1964), Apollo 10 (1969), Apollo 16 (Lunar Module) (1972) and STS-1 (1981).
• The first space travelers to visit two space stations during a space flight: Leonid Kisim and Wladimir Solowjow flew in 1986 with the Soyuz T-15 first to the Mir space station , then to the Salyut 7 space station and brought equipment from there to the Mir.

International

• First spaceman to take off from two different countries: Sergei Krikaljow was the first Russian spaceman on board an American space shuttle at STS-60 in February 1994 . Before that, he had already carried out two space flights with Soyuz spaceships as a Soviet cosmonaut .

Non-state space travel

• First space tourist: Dennis Tito was able to take off on April 28, 2001 on board Soyuz TM-32 for a short stay on board the International Space Station .
• First space flight with a privately operated spaceship: Michael Melvill flew the SpaceShipOne from Scaled Composites on June 21, 2004 to an altitude of 100,095 meters and thus reached space.
• First orbital space flight in a privately operated spaceship: Douglas Hurley and Robert Behnken with the SpX-DM2 mission on May 30, 2020.

Technical

• First sample return from another celestial body: During Apollo 11's visit to the moon (July 20, 1969, 1:32 p.m. to July 21, 1969, 5:54 p.m. UTC ), 21.6 kg of lunar rock were collected and then returned to Earth.

(Note: The first return of samples from another celestial body without the participation of astronauts took place in 1970 from the moon by Luna 16. )

• First automobile trip on another celestial body: The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) was used for the first time on the Apollo 15 mission on July 31, 1971, 1:13 pm UTC .

See also

• Unmanned space travel records

Web links

• Space records - Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (English)
• Astronaut Statistics in the Encyclopedia Astronautica (English)
• Statistics on spacefacts.de
• Database of all space travelers and their missions ( memento from February 26, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) on urbin.de

Individual evidence

1. ↑ spacefacts.de: Astronauts and cosmonauts (sorted by total flight time)
2. ↑ ^{a b} space.kursknet.ru: Increase of total duration ( Memento from January 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
3. ^ The Most Extreme Human Spaceflight Records. Retrieved March 5, 2017 . 

This version was added to the selection of informative lists and portals on July 24, 2006 .