Soyuz 27

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Mission dates
Mission: Soyuz 27
COSPAR-ID : 1978-003A
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T ( GRAY index  11F615A8)
serial number 44
Dimensions: 6800 kg
Launcher: Soyuz U (GRAY index 11A511U)
Call sign: Outbound flight: Памир  ("Pamir") Return
flight: Таймыр ("Taimyr")
Crew: 2
Begin: January 10, 1978, 12:26:00  UTC
Starting place: Baikonur 1/5
Space station: Salyut 6
Coupling: January 11, 1978, 14:05:54 UTC
Decoupling: March 16, 1978, 07:58 UTC
Landing: March 16, 1978, 11:18:47 UTC
Landing place: 310 km west of Zelinograd
Flight duration: 64d 22h 52m 47s
Earth orbits: 1025
Rotation time : 88.73 min
Apogee : 254 km
Perigee : 199 km
◄ Before / After ►
Soyuz 26
(manned)
Soyuz 28
(manned)

Soyuz 27 is the mission name for the flight of a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft to the Soviet space station Salyut 6, which started on January 10, 1978 . It was the second visit by a Soyuz spacecraft to this space station and the 45th flight in the Soviet Soyuz program. At the same time, it was the first visit by a visiting team (Salyut 6 EP-1) and served to hand over a spaceship to the regular crew Salyut 6 EO-1 .

crew

the starting crew (left: Dschanibekow, right: Makarow) on a Soviet postage stamp (1979)

Starting crew

According to earlier plans, Janibekov and Makarov were not intended as a couple. On the flight, which was supposed to follow Soyuz 25 but was then canceled, Dzhanibekov was part of the crew and Makarov was part of the replacement crew. However, following the failure of Soyuz 25, at least one of the two cosmonauts should have space experience on future missions. Since both Dschanibekow and the originally intended Kolodin were newcomers, Kolodin was replaced by Makarow.

Substitute team

Kowaljonok and Ivanchenkov were previously the substitute team at Soyuz 26 . This was the third time in a row that Ivanchenkov was a reservist.

Return crew

Mission overview

The aim of the mission was to take further steps to prepare the space stations for continuous operation. The most important steps were:

  • Testing the front coupling piece (after the problems with Soyuz 25 )
  • Handover of a spaceship to the regular crew (for the first time in the history of space travel)
  • Release of the rear coupling nozzle for the Progress space transporter (by decoupling from Soyuz 26)
  • Further testing of the control system for approximation and coupling

After a successful start, the approach and coupling were carried out automatically, although deviations from the planned regime had occurred. However, the system was able to successfully balance them. A minor problem arose when the ship's hatch had jammed after coupling was completed and had to be opened with manual effort. After suddenly overcoming the resistance, the two cosmonauts sailed through their orbital section.

When they were docked on January 11, 1978, the first object was created that was made up of three separately launched spacecraft. Experiments on the stability of the complex (generation of vibrations, measurement of resonance frequencies) were therefore carried out with the visiting team. The vibrations were generated by violent movements of the regular and visiting teams.

The visiting team stayed at the station for five days and returned safely on the Soyuz-26 spacecraft. This later common practice of exchanging the spaceship was used for the first time. In this case, the aim was to avoid the Soyuz 26 spaceship being relocated from the rear to the front port. The rear nozzle was required for the Progress supply spaceship, as the connections for refueling are located here. The necessary work (conversion of the personal seat shells and space suits, etc.) was also tested.

See also

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