Soyuz 21

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Mission dates
Mission: Soyuz 21
COSPAR-ID : 1976-64A
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T (GRAY index 11F615A8)
serial number 41
Dimensions: 6800 kg
Launcher: Soyuz U ( GRAY index  11A511U)
Call sign: Байкал (Baikal - " Lake Baikal ")
Crew: 2
Begin: July 6, 1976, 02:08:45  UTC
Starting place: Baikonur 1/5
Space station: Salyut 5
Coupling: July 7, 1976, 13:40 UTC
Decoupling: August 24, 1976, 3:12 pm UTC
Landing: August 24, 1976, 18:32:17 UTC
Landing place: 200 km southwest of Kokshetau
Flight duration: 49d 6h 23m 32s
Earth orbits: 790
Rotation time : 88.7 min
Apogee : 253 km
Perigee : 193 km
◄ Before / After ►
Soyuz 20
(unmanned) 		Soyuz 22
(manned)
Previous manned mission:
Soyuz 19

Soyuz 21 is the mission name for the flight of a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft to the Soviet space station Salyut 5 (Almas 3), which started on July 6, 1976 . It was the first Soyuz spacecraft visit to this space station and the 38th flight in the Soviet Soyuz program.

crew

the main crew on a Soviet postage stamp (1976)

Main team

Volynov and Sholobov already formed the substitute team for Soyuz 15 . However, due to the problems encountered, the Soyuz 16 flight was canceled and later operated with a different profile. Wolynow and Scholobow had to wait almost two years before they were used.

Substitute team

The support team consisted of Anatoly Berezovoy , Yuri Glaskow , Viktor Gorbatko and Mikhail Lisun .

Mission overview

They were tests on a manned military space station. These included earth observations with hand spectrographs , earth recordings with various black-and-white and color films, infrared telescopes, communications outside the range of ground-based stations via a Molnija satellite and experiments for independent navigation of the station (astrometric). The visit to the space station took place at the same time as the Red Army's “Sibir” maneuver in Siberia . The cosmonauts observed the exercise as part of checking the station for military suitability. However, further basic studies on medical-biological questions of long space flights were investigated (studies on guppies , experiment "Levkoje" to measure heart volume, germination experiments with plants). There were also experiments on crystal development ( potash alum ) and solar observation. Since the flight length of previous expeditions was not reached, there is speculation about the reasons for the termination - poisonous gases or psychological problems (space sickness or homesickness for Vitaly Scholobow) may have played a role.

See also

Web links