Soyuz T-12

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mission dates
Mission: Soyuz T-12
COSPAR-ID : 1984-073A
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-ST ( GRAY index  11F732)
serial number 18L
Dimensions: 7020 kg
Launcher: Soyuz U (GRAY index 11A511U)
Call sign: Памир (" Pamir ")
Crew: 3
Begin: July 17, 1984, 17:40:54  UTC
Starting place: Baikonur 31/6
Space station: Salyut 7
Coupling: July 18, 1984, 19:16:35 UTC
Decoupling: July 29, 1984, 09:38 UTC
Landing: July 29, 1984, 12:55:30 UTC
Landing place: 140 km SE of Djeskazgan
Flight duration: 11d 19h 14min 36s
Earth orbits: 186
Rotation time : 88.6 min
Apogee : 218 km
Perigee : 192 km
◄ Before / After ►
Soyuz T-11
(manned) 		Soyuz T-13
(manned)

Soyuz T-12 is the mission designation for the flight of a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft to the Soviet space station Salyut 7, which started on July 17, 1984 . It was the seventh visit by a Soyuz spacecraft to this space station and the 73rd flight in the Soviet Soyuz program. As the fourth visiting team, the mission was called Salyut 7 EP-4 .

crew

Main crew

With his fourth space flight, Dschanibekov set a new record for Soviet space travelers. Before him, four US astronauts ( Lovell , Young , Conrad and Stafford ) had already reached this threshold. Savitskaya had made her first space flight two years earlier, making it the second woman in space. It was the second visit to Salyut 7 for both Dschanibekov and Savitskaya. Wolk was scheduled to pilot the future spacecraft Buran .

Substitute team

Mission history

Start and coupling

The launch took place on July 17, 1984. During the approach phase to Salyut 7 , the telemetry data of the Soyuz spaceship were transmitted for the first time not only to the ground station, but also directly to the space station. It was also the first time that a three-person Soyuz-T spacecraft docked with a space station without first lowering its orbit.

On board Salyut 7, the three cosmonauts were greeted by the third long-term crew ( Salyut 7 EO-3 ): Commander Kisim , flight engineer Solovyov and on-board doctor Atkow .

Experiments

During the week, many experiments from different departments were carried out. In the scientific airlock, material samples were exposed to vacuum and direct sunlight for up to 40 hours and then cooled. The upper layers of the earth's atmosphere were examined with the EFO-1 photometer. The Astra-1 camera was able to examine the immediate vicinity of the space station for gases and particles. Samples of the air we breathe were also routinely taken in order to have them analyzed on earth.

Wolk was the test person for the investigation of how weightlessness affects the flight ability of pilots. His adaptation to weightlessness was deliberately hindered and delayed, and he did less sport than his teammates.

Space exit

Janibekov and Savitskaya conducted a space exit on July 25 to test new tools and procedures. First, Janibekov stayed in the airlock and filmed Savitskaya's exit. She tested a multifunction device for material processing in a vacuum. The device consisted of a large base unit and a hand-held device connected by cables, similar to a double-barreled signal pistol .

One barrel was used for cutting and electron beam welding . Sawizkaja used titanium and stainless steel of a thickness of half a millimeter for processing, as Lot served tin and lead . The other barrel could be used to coat material. Savitskaya used this to spray a layer of silver on aluminum . The temperature of the material she measured with a contactless infrared - thermometer .

After Zavitskaya carried out this work, she swapped places with Janibekov. They later took samples from the Expositsija experiment to bring them back to Earth. After 3.5 hours, the space exit was over.

This was a woman's first space exit. The US followed suit three months later when Kathy Sullivan left the space shuttle on the STS-41-G mission .

It had been discussed that Janibekov and Savitskaya should also carry out the final external work on the broken fuel pipe. Kisim and Solovyov had laid a new line in four exits, but the old one had not yet been completely disconnected because they had not had the tools. Janibekov and Savitskaya had the necessary equipment and training, but Kisim and Soloviev insisted that they complete the repairs they had begun. Dschanibekow and Sawizkaja instructed the crew on the necessary work with video simulations.

Decoupling and landing

This short-term mission was not planned for a spaceship swap, so Janibekov, Savitskaya and Wolk were able to return to Earth on the same spaceship. Before the disengagement, the orbit of the Salyut space station was raised with the engines of the Soyuz. The landing took place on July 29th. Shortly after landing, Wolks' fitness to fly was examined.

See also

Web links