Sheqasghan

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jezkazgan
Жезқазған ( kas. ) | Жезказган ( Russian )
coat of arms
coat of arms
Basic data
State : KazakhstanKazakhstan Kazakhstan
Territory : Karagandy
Founded : 1938
 
Coordinates : 47 ° 47 '  N , 67 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 47 '0 "  N , 67 ° 42' 0"  E
Height : 300  m
 
Area : 85.98  km²
Residents : 87,254 (Jan 1, 2020)
Population density : 1,015 inhabitants per km²
 
Time zone : EKST ( UTC + 6 )
Telephone code : (+7) 7102
Postal code : 100601-100604
License plate : 09 (old: M, K)
 
Äkim ( Mayor ) : Qairat Begimow
Website :
Location in Kazakhstan
Sheqasghan (Kazakhstan)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg

Jezkazgan ( Kazakh Жезқазған / Jezqazğan ; Russian Жезказган / Zhezkazgan ; to 1994 Dscheskasgan ) is a city in central Kazakhstan on Kengir Reservoir, 1973-1997 regional capital, important center of mining and smelting of copper - and manganese ores , as well as University, Technical University, Airport and food industry. The city had 104,000 inhabitants in 2006 (2006), of which approx. 55% Kazakhs , 30% Russians , 15% Ukrainians , Germans , Chechens , Koreans and others. The area is 859,874 hectares .

geography

Sheqazghan is located in the center of Kazakhstan, southeast of the Ulutau Mountains and on the northwestern edge of the Hunger Steppe . The city is located in the border area between the desert and semi-desert . The most important water resources around Schesqasghan are the Kengir reservoir (37 km²) on the Kara-Kengir river and the Schesdi reservoir south of the city.

The flora and fauna are characteristic of desert regions. Above all, wormwood , camomile , feather grass grow here ; the fauna is represented by hares , ground squirrels , jerboa , wolves and korsak foxes, saiga and crop gazelle are rarer .

climate

The climate is distinctly continental and dry. The annual rainfall is 208 millimeters; the average temperature in July is +24 ° C, in January it is −16.1 ° C.

history

Soviet Union

The city's coat of arms in Soviet times

The city of Sheqasghan was founded in 1929 on the site of the Aul Bekbolat. Scheskasgan owes its existence primarily to the rich copper deposits in its vicinity. To develop them, a large steel works was built on the Kengir River , which later made Schesqasghan one of the largest industrial centers in Kazakhstan. Sheqasghan was connected to the railway network in November 1937 , and three years later the first turbines of the Kengir reservoir went into operation.

During the Stalin era, there was a large prison camp in Sheqasghan , whose inmates had to do forced labor in the copper mines .

On December 20, 1954, Sheqasghan was granted city rights. On March 20, 1973, Schesqasghan was appointed the capital of the area of the same name  - the largest in Kazakhstan at 313,400 km², but also one of the poorest in population with only 420,000 inhabitants. In the following years, a jersey factory, a ceramics factory, the copper wire factory, some food production companies and a company for the mining of precious metals were built in Sheqasghan.

Its proximity to the Baikonur Cosmodrome , from where almost all Soviet space missions started , has always played an important role in the life of the city . Even today, the cosmodrome has not lost its paramount importance.

Independent Kazakhstan

After the collapse of the Soviet Union , Sheqasghan faced many difficulties. In 1994, this led to the takeover of the Schesqasghan ironworks with all its combines by the German branch of Samsung , as well as the closure of the jersey factory. Airport operations were greatly reduced. Instead, "Samsung Germany" built the largest clinic in Central Asia and a business center in Schesqasghan in 1997. In addition, a mosque (1994) and the Russian Orthodox Church of St. Andrew (2001) were built by the city's religious communities . In addition, a Protestant prayer house was opened in 1995.

In 1997 the territory of the jezkazgan was in the course of a territorial and administrative reform in the region Karaganda incorporated. In contrast, the nearby city of Satbayev (1956–1990 Nikolsk) was subordinated to the municipal district of the city of Sheqasghan .

Economy and Infrastructure

Kazakhmys Headquarters (2008)

The economic basis of Sheqasghan is copper smelting. One of the largest steelworks in the former Soviet Union works here. Around the city, in the foothills of the Ulutau , rich deposits of copper , manganese and, more recently, iron have been developed, with gold mining also being significant, as the copper deposits in the Sheqasghan area are rich in gold veins. The metal is processed further in the copper wire mill.

For this purpose, there are milk and meat processing combines, a factory for the production of building materials and several small industrial companies in Sheqasghan.

In the service sector, the Kazakhmys Corporation is also the city's main employer. It has branches in several countries around the world, for example in the People's Republic of China , Russia and Great Britain ; it owns a large part of Kazakhstan's metal deposits; its headquarters are in Sheqasghan. In addition, there are six banks with their branches and some trading companies and joint ventures in the city .

traffic

In Schesqasghan there is a train station , which is at the end of the junction from Scharyq on the Karagandy - Choo route, as well as a regional airport with flights to Nur-Sultan , Almaty , Karagandy and Balkhash . The A17 highway runs through the city, starting in Qysylorda and leading to Pavlodar . The A16 , which connects the city with the northern Kazakh city of Petropavlovsk , begins in Sheqasghan .

Education and culture

The Russian Orthodox St. Andrew's Church
population
Unemployment rate 1.7% (2004, official)
Enrolled students 5 423 (summer semester 2002)
Nationalities:
(2006)
Kazakhs : 58%
Russians 29.2%
Ukrainians 4.5%
Belarusians 2%
German 1.5%
Tatars 1.4%
Korean 0.7%

Sheqasghan is a university city with a lively cultural life. The city is home to the Koshamkulow Theater and the Regional Theater, national cultural communities of Russians ("Berjoska"), Germans ("Rebirth"), Chechens ("Wainach") and Jews ("Sochnut"), and two museums. The University of Sheqasghan focuses on geology and history. There is also the possibility of studying at the pedagogical university or at the construction technology center.

Religious communities in the city maintain several places of worship. These include two Russian Orthodox churches (St. Andrew's Church and St. Mary's Church) and a mosque. Another mosque is under construction. The Protestant community maintains its house of prayer, and Jehovah's Witnesses maintain a Kingdom Hall.

Attractions

Valley in the Ulutau Mountains

The main attractions of the Sheqasghan region are just outside the city. In their vicinity are some of the most important mausoleums of the Kazakh and Mongolian khans of the Middle Ages and the early modern period. These include the mausoleums of Dschötschis and Schusden.

Many people are attracted by the nature of the Ulutau Mountains, which are considered the cradle of the Kazakh state, as Shanibek and Girej proclaimed the Kazakh Khanate from here in the 15th century . The Ulutau is extremely diverse; there are green meadows with rich flower meadows, birch groves, steppe and mountain rivers, lakes and next to them Martian-like landscapes with barren flora, inhabited by scorpions and poisonous snakes. There are also many monuments and tombstones of nomads from different eras in this area.

The sights of the city itself include buildings from the 1950s, such as the Koshamkulov Theater or the headquarters of Kasachmys (former seat of the Communist Party's regional committee). Also of interest is Sejfulin Boulevard (formerly the Boulevard of Cosmonauts ), where every cosmonaut who returned from the Baikonur Cosmodrome after landing planted a tree. In keeping with the cosmic tradition of the city, the “Kosmos” stele was also erected. Other monumental monuments commemorate the city's founders, the city father Satpayev and the Second World War.

Schesqasghan has numerous parks with monuments, cafes and attractions, e.g. B. the parks "40 Years of Victory", "Naurys" and "Shastar". The city's two bazaars offer shopping opportunities.

The Baikonur spaceport is located about 400 kilometers south-west of Shezqasghan .

sons and daughters of the town

See also

Web links

Commons : Schesqasghan  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Численность населения Республики Казахстан по полу в разрезе областей и столицы, столицы, столицы, анколицы, столицы, городоав, областей и столицы, анкония, горойцы, коники, городоав,. ( Excel ; 96 KB) stat.gov.kz, accessed on July 19, 2020 (Russian).