Kyzylorda
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| State : |
 Kazakhstan
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| Territory : | Kyzylorda | ||
| Founded : | 1818 | ||
| Coordinates : | 44 ° 51 ' N , 65 ° 31' E | ||
| Height : | 128 m | ||
| Area : | 240 km² | ||
| Residents : | 242,462 (Jan 1, 2020) | ||
| Population density : | 1,010 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Time zone : | WKST ( UTC + 5 ) | ||
| Telephone code : | (+7) 7242 | ||
| Postal code : | 120001-120018 | ||
| License plate : | 11 (old: N) | ||
| Äkim ( Mayor ) : | Nurlybek Nalibayev | ||
| Website : | |||
| Location in Kazakhstan | |||
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Qysylorda ( Kazakh Қызылорда ; Russian Кызылорда Kysylorda ; until 1997 Кзыл-Орда Ksyl-Orda , also Kysyl-Orda ) is a city in southern Kazakhstan . It is the administrative center and, with 242,462 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020), it is also the largest city in the Kyzylorda region . It is located on the Syr Darya River in the middle of the Kyzylkum desert .
The city was founded in 1818 by the Khan of Kokand as the fortress of Aqmeschit on the Syr Darya. In 1853 it was captured by the imperial army in the course of the Russian conquest of Central Asia and expanded into a city. From 1925 to 1929, Ksyl-Orda, as the city was now called, was briefly the capital of the Kazakh ASSR . After the capital was moved to Alma-Ata , the city lost its importance, but from 1938 it became the administrative seat of the oblast of the same name.
geography
Geographical location
Kyzylorda is located in the south of Kazakhstan in the area of the same name. The city is located around 430 kilometers northwest of Shymkent in the Turan lowlands on the northeastern edge of the Kyzylkum desert . It lies on the right bank of the Syr Darja , which flows through the otherwise dry gravel and sand desert. The river's water is used both upstream and downstream for intensive irrigation of agricultural land.
From an administrative point of view , Qysylorda forms its own urban district which borders on the Syrdarija and Schijeli districts . The territory, which is subordinate to the city administration, covers an area of around 2,400 square kilometers. The larger settlements Belköl , Qysylscharma and Tasböget belong to the city . The total population amounts to 303,204 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019), of which only 239,042 people live in the city themselves.
climate
Qysylorda has a desert climate , which corresponds to the effective climate classification BWk . It is characterized by hot and dry long summers and short but cold winters. In the summer months, the average temperatures are over 25 ° C, and values well over 30 ° C are not uncommon. There is little rainfall throughout the year in Kyzylorda , most of it falling in winter and spring. In summer, on the other hand, there is very little rain; the average rainfall in September is just three millimeters. The annual amount of precipitation adds up to around 150 mm.
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Kyzylorda
Source: wetterkontor.de
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history
Foundation and Russian conquest
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Qysylorda was founded in 1818 as a fortress and north-western outpost of the Kokand Khanate under the name Aqmeschit (kas. Ақмешіт, Russian. Ак-Мечеть; Kazakh for "white minaret "). At this time, Muhammad Umar Khan, Khan of Kokand, began to build a series of fortresses along the Syr Darya to defend against the Russian Empire . Aqmeschit was built on a strategically important point where trade routes from Tashkent , Bukhara and Khiva to Orenburg and western Siberia crossed. The fortress consisted of two mosques and about 50 houses, which were surrounded by walls and a moat. The residents of Aqmeshit often raided villages in the area. They stole the cattle of the local Kazakh people and also levied taxes on the Kazakh people. As a result, they were not very popular with the local Kazakhs and fought against the fortress.
After the conquest by the Russian armed forces under Adjutant General Vasili Perowski on July 28, 1853, the fortress was named Fort Perowski (Форт Перовский). Around 2,300 Russian soldiers were involved in the storming of Aqmeschit, supported by around 500 local people. The inhabitants of the fortress were inferior to the Russian army with their powerful artillery; they only had a few cannons. For the Kazakhs this represented the liberation from the rule of the Kokand Khanate. In December of the same year Kokand tried to recapture the fortress; but the siege failed. Perowski began rebuilding the fort in 1854, which became the center of the Perowski District. This covered an area of 80,000 square kilometers on which about 180,000 Kazakhs lived.
Ksyl-Orda as the capital
In 1867 the place was named Perovsk (Перовск) administrative center of a district (Ujesd) of the Syr Darya Oblast of the General Government of Turkestan within the Russian Empire . At the same time Perovsk was granted city rights. This started the development of Perovsk, which was strongly based on the architecture of Orenburg. A school was opened and industrial companies were founded. In 1905 the city was connected to the railway network of the Trans-Aral Railway ; In the following year, operations began on the entire route between Orenburg and Tashkent. Between 1922 and 1925 the city again bore the old name of Aqmeschit.
The Kazakh Central Executive Committee decided at its second meeting to relocate the capital of the Kyrgyz ASSR ; at that time it had been Orenburg. The decision was made to go to the city of Aqmeschit because it was on the one hand on an important railway line and on the other hand the region was mostly inhabited by ethnic Kazakhs. At this point the city was part of the ASSR Turkestan and one had to wait. After the region was slammed into the Kyrgyz ASSR, the relocation of the capital began in February 1925. After the establishment of the Kazakh ASSR (from which the Kazakh SSR , the predecessor of today's Kazakhstan, emerged), Aqmeschit remained its capital.
The city was underdeveloped at the time, but the government needed buildings for a total of 49 institutions to accommodate the more than 1000 employees. In addition, there was not enough living space for these additional people. In September 1925 a commission was created to deal with the development of the city. 50 buildings were erected, including 15 residential buildings. There were also community problems that the new government workers in the city faced. There was no functioning economy, no street lighting in the whole city and no water supply. The city was to be divided into two areas: one part should include the previous city and the new part of the city should include government buildings and employees' quarters. With the elevation to the capital also a renaming was connected. From 1925 the city was called Ksyl-Orda (Kazakh for "red army (camp)"). Only four years later the capital was moved to Alma-Ata .
Urban development since the 1930s
At the end of the 1930s, Ksyl-Orda was transformed from a regional center into the administrative seat of an oblast. On January 15, 1938, the city became the center of the newly established Ksyl-Orda Oblast. The population increased sharply, mainly due to the deportation of people from other parts of the Soviet Union to Central Asia . Most of them were Germans , Koreans , Poles and Ukrainians . From the 1960s onwards, the industry began to develop rapidly. This mainly comprised the food industry, papermaking and the manufacture of clothing and shoes. In order to meet the increasing demand for energy, a thermal power station was built in the west of the city.
population
Population development
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¹ census result
Politics and administration
Äkim (Mayor)
The current mayor ( Äkim , kas. Әкім) of Kyzylorda has been Nurlybek Nälibajew since February 14, 2013. During the Soviet period, the city administration was headed by the chairman of the executive committee. Below are the mayors of the city since 1992:
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Town twinning
Culture and sights
Buildings
Museums and theaters
- Kyzylorda Historical Museum
- Regional Kazakh Beechanov Drama Theater
- Palace of Culture
Sports
The city is home to the Qaisar Qysylorda football club .
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
The Kyzylorda Airport is located in the vicinity of the city . Kyzylorda is on the Trans-Aral Railway , which runs from Orenburg to Tashkent .
The M32 , which starts in western Kazakhstan and leads to Schymkent , runs through the city . The A17 , which connects the city with Pavlodar , and the E 004 via Uchquduq to Bukhara , both in Uzbekistan , begin in Qysylorda .
education
- Qysylorda State Qorqyt Ata University
sons and daughters of the town
- Äbdilda Taschibajew (1909–1998), writer
- Schaqyp Assanow (* 1963), lawyer
- Ghalymshan Qoishybayev (* 1968), diplomat
- Mihhail Kõlvart (* 1977), Estonian-Korean athlete and politician
- Andrei Kaschetschkin (* 1980), racing cyclist
- Maqsat Baischanow (* 1984), football player
- Almat Bekbayev (* 1984), football player
- Schassulan Muchtarbekuly (* 1984), freestyle wrestler
- Julia Günthel (* 1984), acrobat
- Daurenbek Taschimbetow (* 1985), football player
- Shanar Dughalova (* 1987), pop singer
- Ilja Iljin (* 1988), weightlifter and Olympic champion
- Asqat Taghybergen (* 1990), football player
- Robert Gainejew (* 1994), cyclist
Web links
- Official website of the city of Kyzylorda (Kazakh and Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Численность населения Республики Казахстан по полу в разрезе областей и столицы, столицы, столицы, анколицы, столицы, городоав, областей и столицы, анкония, горойцы, коники, городоав,. ( Excel ; 96 KB) stat.gov.kz, accessed on July 19, 2020 (Russian).
- ↑ Climate of Kyzylorda. climate-data.org, accessed on April 22, 2020.
- ↑ a b История города. kyzylorda.gov.kz, accessed April 22, 2020 (Russian).
- ^ A b c On the Foundation of Kyzylorda: a history of 200 years. Qazaqstan Tarihy, accessed April 22, 2020.
- ↑ История города. kyzylorda.gov.kz, accessed April 23, 2020 (Russian).
- ↑ Кызылорда: Страны Истории. , accessed on April 23, 2020 (Russian).
- ↑ Кызылорда. tarih-begalinka.kz, accessed April 23, 2020 (Russian).
- ↑ Акимы города Кызылорда. kyzylorda.gov.kz, accessed April 23, 2020 (Russian).
| Cities | ||
| Further district centers |
Äiteke Bi | Schalaghasch | Shangaqorghan | Schijeli | Schossaly | Terengösek |
