Soyuz TM-14

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Mission emblem
Mission emblem
Mission dates
Mission: Soyuz TM-14
COSPAR-ID : 1992-014A
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-ST ( GRAY index  11F732)
serial number 64
Dimensions: 7150 kg
Launcher: Soyuz U2 (GRAY index 11A511U2)
Call sign: Ви́тязь (Vitjas - " knight ")
Crew: 3
Begin: March 17, 1992, 10:54:30  UTC
Starting place: Baikonur 1/5
Space station: Me
Coupling: March 19, 1992, 12:32:50 UTC
Decoupling: August 9, 1992, 21:46:47 UTC
Landing: August 10, 1992, 01:05:02 UTC
Landing place: 136 km SE of Sheqasghan
47 ° 25 ′  N , 69 ° 21 ′  E
Flight duration: 145d 14h 10min 32s
Earth orbits: 2280
Rotation time : 92.2 min
Apogee : 394 km
Perigee : 373 km
◄ Before / After ►
Soyuz TM-13
(manned) 		Soyuz TM-15
(manned)

Soyuz TM-14 is the mission name for the flight of a Russian Soyuz spacecraft to the Russian Mir space station . It was the 14th visit by a Soyuz spacecraft to the Mir space station and the 90th flight in the Russian Soyuz program.

crew

Starting crew

Substitute team

Return team

  • Alexander Stepanovich Viktorenko (3rd space flight), commander
  • Alexander Jurjewitsch Kaleri (1st space flight), flight engineer
  • Michel Tognini (1st space flight), science cosmonaut ( CNES / France )Center national d'études spatialesCNES FranceFrance 

Mission overview

This was the first space flight since the collapse of the Soviet Union and thus the first Russian space flight.

The astronaut Klaus-Dietrich Flade flew into space on the first joint space flight between Russia and Germany. Flade was the second German after Sigmund Jähn in 1978 to visit a space station. He undertook 14 German experiments as part of the preparation for the future space station projects and Columbus from the fields of medicine, biology, physics and materials research . In the TES physical test program, thermodynamic properties of various substances were researched. Medical examinations concerned changes in the genome (chromosome analysis), the sleep-wake rhythm and the assessment of physical and psychological performance, research into the function of the organ of equilibrium and the ability to orientate, among other things via the recording of eye movements in the event of changes in position, the performance of the short-term memory , the Distribution of body fluids in muscles and vessels (use of the TSCHIBIS negative pressure suit) as well as hormone regulation in the human organism (blood and saliva samples). Material science tests passed mainly in the growth of pure crystals. Flade landed with the old crew (Volkov and Krikalev) on the Soyuz TM-13 spacecraft.

The eleventh permanent crew of the Mir space station carried out experiments on materials research, space technology, astrophysics and earth exploration during their almost five-month mission. They grew super-pure gallium arsenide crystals with the new GRANAT system on board the crystal module, observed the exact composition of the cabin air over a long period of time and studied the influence of the movements of space travelers on microgravity. They also carried out astronomical observations in the ultraviolet and X-ray ranges . As part of the ERDE research program, recordings of North Africa, North and South America, the Pacific region and Australia were made with the KFA 1000 camera. With the topographic three-channel camera KATE 140, they also took photographs of parts of Russia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine. The MKS 2M multi-channel spectrometer (19 channels in the wavelength range between 415 nm and 1030 nm) was also used in connection with geological investigations in the south of Ukraine. Further scientific investigations took place on the growth of crystals, the erosion of various materials by atomic oxygen, the damage to living cells by cosmic radiation, the crystallization of biological macromolecules and the influence of artificial gravity on the growth of plants. The MKF 6MA multispectral camera was used to take high-resolution images of the earth's surface. Such recordings make it possible to make statements about environmental pollution, likely deposits of certain mineral resources or harvest predictions. On July 8, Viktorenko and Kaleri got out of the station for two hours to replace two stabilization gyroscopes on the Kwant 2 module that had been defective since January . Replenishment and new experimental facilities were supplied with the transport spacecraft Progress M-12 and M-13 . When Viktorenko and Kaleri returned, the Frenchman Tognini, who had flown to the station with the follow-up crew, was also on board.

There was a problem with the landing that caused the landing capsule to lie upside down. The capsule first had to be turned by the rescue team.

See also

Web links