Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov

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Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov
Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov
Country: USSR
Organization: OKB-1
selected on May 23, 1966
Calls: 4 (including 1 suborbital)
Start of the
first space flight: 		September 27, 1973
Landing of the
last space flight: 		November 27, 1980
Time in space: 20d 17h 22min 12s
retired on April 4, 1986
Space flights

Oleg Grigorjewitsch Makarow ( Russian Олег Григорьевич Макаров , scientific transliteration Oleg Grigor'evič Makarov ; born  January 6, 1933 in Udomlja , Soviet Union ; † May 28, 2003 in Moscow , Russian Federation ) was a Soviet engineer and cosmonaut . He survived the first abortion of a manned missile launch.

Astronaut activity

OKB-1

After Oleg Makarov completed his engineering studies at the " Moscow State Technical NE Bauman University " in 1957, he went to the experimental design office OKB-1 as a designer, where satellites and spaceships were designed and manufactured under the direction of Sergei Korolev . Makarov was involved in the development of the Vostok spaceship .

Vozhod

For the first time not only pilots were to be used as cosmonauts for the flight from Woschod 1 , but also scientists and engineers. Makarov was one of the six OKB-1 engineers who were shortlisted, but the space flight ultimately went to Konstantin Feoktistov .

Early Soyuz flights

Korolev's successor, Vasily Mishin , got his engineers trained to become full-fledged cosmonauts. Makarov belonged to the first selection group of the Central Design Office for Experimental Mechanical Engineering , as the OKB-1 was now called. The selection took place on May 23, 1966, and in the summer of 1966 Makarow was already under discussion as a flight engineer for one of the first manned flights of the new Soyuz spacecraft , and from December 1966 he was appointed flight engineer for a manned moon tour as part of the Soviet manned lunar program educated. At times he forms a team with Alexei Leonow , at times with Pawel Popowitsch . After the American moon landing with Apollo 11 , the Soviet lunar program was canceled, after which the focus was on space stations in near-Earth orbit.

Contact

In June 1971 Makarow was nominated together with Vasily Lasarew for a Soyuz flight, which was supposed to couple with another Soyuz spaceship in earth orbit in order to test the rendezvous and docking system contact. The flight should have taken place in early 1972, but was canceled after the Soyuz 11 disaster .

Salyut 2

Makarov was then trained for a long-term mission on board a space station. He was intended as a substitute for Soyuz 12 and as a crew for Soyuz 13 , both of which were supposed to work on board the Salyut 2 space station , which, however, exploded on launch on July 29, 1972.

Makarow was also planned for the next space station, but this launch on May 11, 1973 also failed and the space station crashed after a few days. It was named Kosmos 557 .

Soyuz 12

Finally Makarov and his commander Lazarev were assigned to a Soyuz solo flight, in which no space station should be flown to. Makarov and Lazarev took off with Soyuz 12 on September 27, 1973 and landed just two days later. In addition to the inspection of the spaceship, spectroscopic studies of the earth were carried out.

Salyut 4 / Soyuz 18-1

Then Makarov trained together with Lazarev for a stay on board the Salyut 4 space station , which was launched on December 26, 1974. Again, both formed the reserve team for the first stay with Soyuz 17 and were then appointed as the main team for the second stay on board Salyut 4 with the spacecraft Soyuz 18 ( Soyuz 18-1 ).

The launch of Makarov and Lazarev took place on April 5, 1975. When the third stage of the Soyuz launcher was ignited at an altitude of about 192 km, the second stage had not yet detached, so that the rocket deviated from its course. The take-off was canceled and the return capsule landed in the Altai , with Makarov and Lazarev having to endure loads of over 20 g. Since the flight was canceled, it was not given an official number ( Soyuz 18) , but is usually referred to as Soyuz 18-1 or Soyuz 18-A. The spacecraft did not enter orbit , but unplanned completed the longest manned suborbital flight to date over a distance of 1,574 km with a duration of 21 minutes.

Salyut 6

The next opportunity for a space flight arose for Makarov at the Salyut 6 station , which was launched on September 29, 1977. He was scheduled for the reserve crew of Soyuz 26 as a flight engineer, the first crew to visit a space station.

The plan was to supply the first main crew with a new spaceship, and to return to earth with their launch spaceship in order to enable stays on board the station, the duration of which exceeded the maximum airworthiness of the spaceships.

The docking maneuver of Soyuz 25's team , Vladimir Kovaljonok and Valeri Ryumin , with Salyut 6 did not succeed. The spaceship had to return to Earth on October 11, 1977, so the planned exchange flight was also canceled.

Soyuz 26 then started with Juri Romanenko and Georgi Michailowitsch Grechko , who now formed the first long-term crew of Salyut 6.

Makarov rose from the substitute team to the main team on the planned exchange flight and started together with Vladimir Dschanibekow on January 10, 1978 in Soyuz 27 . Together with Salyut 6 and Soyuz 26 , they formed the first object that consisted of three separately launched spacecraft. Makarov and Janibekov stayed on board the station for five days and returned with Soyuz 26. It was the first time that a team had replaced a spaceship in space.

Soyuz T

Then Makarov was trained as a flight engineer for the new Soyuz T spacecraft . He was on the backup crew for Soyuz T-2 , the first manned flight in this series, which took place in June 1980.

Together with the commander Leonid Kisim and the research cosmonaut Gennady Strekalov , Makarov took off on November 27, 1980 on board the Soyuz T-3 . It was the first flight with three cosmonauts on board a Soyuz spaceship since the accident with Soyuz 11 in 1971. Starting with Soyuz 12 , then also with Makarov on board, the following Soyuz spaceships were only manned by two cosmonauts.

The crew docked at Salyut 6 station, which at the time had no long-term crew, and worked there for eleven days.

This was Makarov's last flight and the first that took place without any prior cancellations.

After the space career

Makarov meanwhile studied engineering again at the "Moscow State Technical NE Bauman University", which he left in 1980 with the degree of candidate of technical sciences. After he resigned from the cosmonaut corps on April 4, 1986, Makarov became deputy head of complex 19 of NPO Energija . There he was involved in the development of Mir and involved in the Buran program. In 2000 he rose to a managerial position at Complex 31 at the same company. Oleg Makarov died on May 28, 2003 in Moscow of complications from a heart attack .

Makarov was married and had two children.

Awards

Oleg Makarov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union twice and the Order of Lenin four times .

literature

See also

supporting documents

personal data
SURNAME Makarov, Oleg Grigoryevich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Макаров, Олег Григорьевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet engineer and cosmonaut
DATE OF BIRTH January 6, 1933
PLACE OF BIRTH Udomlja , Soviet Union
DATE OF DEATH May 28, 2003
Place of death Moscow , Russia