Narrow-sensitive ram
| Narrow-feeling ram, coniferous ram |
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Narrow-feeling ram, coniferous ram, Clytus lama |
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| Clytus lama | ||||||||||||
| Mulsant , 1847 |
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Fig. 1: Detail from the side, supplemented with color; Pronotum on the left, white 1: no spot in the area of the front hips blue: outline of the epimer of the mid-breast, 2 oblique spots green: outline of the epimer of the rear chest, 3 rear half of yellow hairy 4 red: outline of the wing covers |
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Fig. 2: Puncture, left pronotum, right wing cover base |
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| Fig. 3: Top view | Fig. 4: Sensor |
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| Fig. 5: Upright hair on the pronotum and base of the wing cover | |
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Fig. 6: Label, outline dotted green on the right |
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| Fig. 7: End of the wing cover | Fig. 8: Head |
The narrow probe engined Aries Bock ( Clytus lama ), also called Softwood Aries Bock known, is a beetle from the family of the longhorn beetle and the subfamily Cerambycinae. The genus Clytus is represented in Europe with seven species . Clytus lama can easily be confused with two other species of the same genus and also with species of other genera.
In Saxony the species is classified as potentially endangered (Saxony Red List: 4). The species is endangered throughout Germany (Red List Germany: 3). After the Federal Nature Conservation Act and the bundesartenschutzverordnung is Clytus lama "special protection". In Thuringia , the beetle is classified as endangered (category 2). The beetle is not considered endangered in southern Germany.
Note on names and synonyms
The species was described by Mulsant in 1847 under the name that is still valid today. Mulsant did not explain why he gave the beetle the species name lama ( lat. For the mammal " lama "), but it can be assumed that he chose the name based on Clytus gazella (lat. For "gazelle"). Mulsant understood by Clytus gazella the current species Clytus rhamni , which hardly differs from Clytus lama . In addition, Mulsant saw the species very closely related to Clytus antilope (Latin for "antelope", today Xylotrechus antilope ), which was also named after a non-European mammal, which is very unusual.
The genus name Clytus goes back to Laicharting in 1784. Laicharting did not explain the name, after Schenkling it is from old Gr. κλυτός "klytós" derived for "famous, handsome" and originally stands for beautifully drawn longhorn beetles. Laicharting also included many colorfully drawn species in the genus that are no longer included in the genus today, such as the Alpine buck .
The German name Softwood Aries Bock and narrow probe Riger Aries Bock nominate two properties that Clytus lama of the two very similar species Clytus arietis and Clytus rhamni delimit. While the latter two develop in hardwoods, Clytus lama develops in softwood. And the antennae of Clytus lama are slightly slimmer than those of the other two Clytus species.
Description of the beetle
With a length of eight to fourteen millimeters, Clytus lama is on average hardly larger than the common ram ( Clytus arietis ) and significantly larger than Clytus rhamni . As with these, the cylindrical body is black with yellow to white markings of short, dense, close-fitting hairs (Fig. 3). In addition, Clytus lama can still be confused with species of the genera Xylotrechus and Chlorophorus . There is no easily recognizable feature for determination on cursory inspection.
The head (Fig. 8) is directed downwards almost perpendicular to the body axis, the mouthparts point slightly forward. In contrast to the genus Xylotrechus, the head has no keels. It is roughly dotted above the eyes and less roughly dotted between the eyes . A very fine center line runs lengthways between the eyes (not visible in Fig. 8), to the side of which thin, light gray hairs protrude laterally. The eleven-link antennae (Fig. 4) thicken from the third to the sixth link; the following links are approximately the same thickness. The antennae are relatively short for longhorn beetles and do not reach half of the elytra. They are usually uniformly lighter or darker brown and appear overall somewhat narrower than the antennae of Clytus arietis and Clytus rhamni . The eyes are kidney-shaped and enclose the antenna base at the sides.
The pronotum is slightly wider than the head and narrower than the elytra . It is widest in the middle and evenly rounded on the sides. It's cut off pretty straightforward at the front and back. It's not shiny. The pronotum is hemmed in yellow at the rear edge, but the hem is usually broadly interrupted in the middle. Usually the front edge is also more or less pale yellow. The base of the elytra and the pronotum are long protruding hairs, but this hair disappears on the pronotum in the front area (Fig. 5, Fig. 8). The pronotum is roughly and densely punctured (Fig. 2 left).
The semicircular label (Fig. 6) has dense yellow hair only in the rear area.
In contrast to the Clytus rhamni , the elytra are also densely dotted at the base. The points are often no further apart than their diameter is large (Fig. 2 right point between the label (top right) and shoulder blemish (bottom left)). The elytra are about two and a half times as long as together wide, widest at the shoulder and slightly convex at the end (Fig. 7). The drawing of the elytra (Fig. 3) consists of a short, line-shaped blemish close to the shoulder and three narrow bands in white to bright yellow color. In the typical case, the shoulder spot runs diagonally inwards and backwards and does not become narrower; in Clytus arietes, on the other hand, it runs straight or slightly curved perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, in Clytus rhamni it usually narrows slightly inwards / backwards. The foremost bandage is crescent-shaped on each wing-cover, on the outside approximately perpendicular to the body axis and inside in the direction of the shield, pulled forward until the bands of both wing- covers almost touch at the wing-cover seam . The middle band is slightly turned forward and may also be missing (variation vesubiensis). The short posterior band lines the posterior margin of the elytra. The elytra, unlike in Clytus rhamni , are at most slightly shiny.
The underside is black, dotted and hairy not very densely yellowish gray with a pattern of dense lying yellowish or white hairs. The drawing consists of an oblique spot on the epimers of the mid-breast (in Fig. 1 No. 2 in blue outline), an elongated spot in the rear area of the epimers of the rear chest (in Fig. 1 No. 3 in green outline), a narrow one Stripes on the rear edge of the rear breast and wide stripes on the rear edges of the abdominal segments. In contrast, with Clytus rhamni, almost the entire episternum of the rear breast is hairy yellow. Another important distinguishing feature is that there is no yellow spot on the front hips (in Fig. 1 No. 1).
The splints and tarsi of the strongly developed long legs are brown, the thighs are usually darker to black. The fourth tarsal segment is reduced to the attachment of the fifth segment (pseudotetramer).
A comparison of several images of each of the three species is possible on the Czech website of MEF Sláma.
biology
The beetle occurs montane to subalpine in coniferous forests, especially spruce forests. You can find it on forest meadows and on the edges of forests. However, it can also be found in the lower valleys. The beetles can be found on wooden fathers and on weaker rotten trunks and branches from June to August, but they can also be found on flowers, especially chervil and calf's goiter .
The larva develops in coniferous wood ( spruce , fir and larch , Scots pine , Swiss stone pine ). According to Horion, it develops mainly in spruce trees. Pic claims that the conifers prefer fir trees, and Weber notes that specimens made from larch wood were larger and more handsome than those made from spruce wood. According to preliminary studies, the beetle seems to prefer the imported Douglas fir over the native spruce.
Diseased or dying plants and freshly felled wood are generally attacked.
The development takes one to two years and hibernates as a larva or pupa. The eggs are laid one by one in cracks in the bark. The larva first eats irregularly delimited and sharp-edged passages between the bark and wood, which scrape the sapwood one to two millimeters deep. The residues left in the corridors, which consist of nailing and excrement, are brown-yellow. Later the larva penetrates the wood at an angle and the tunnels now run in all directions through the sapwood. They are tightly clogged with very fine yellowish white drill dust. Shortly before pupation, the larva feeds on the border between sapwood and heartwood in the direction of the wood fibers. The nail becomes coarser, chips become recognizable and the color changes to yellowish brown when mixed with larvae excrement. The doll's cradle is only slightly larger in diameter than the aisles towards the end. The finished beetle gnaws its way out, initially maintaining the longitudinal direction, then going in an arc shape in the direction perpendicular to the axis, on the shortest path to the outside. This part of the corridor is completely without pegs and the corridor walls are rougher than in the corridors gnawed by the larvae. It is used as a breeding space by various insects and their parasites. The oval loopholes have a diameter of around 3 millimeters by 2.3 millimeters and are sharp-edged.
If the beetle is more dense, the sapwood becomes unusable as furniture wood. H. Maerks reports damage to processed spruce wood in 1948.
distribution
The species is restricted to southern Europe, southern central Europe and parts of south-eastern Europe and eastern Europe. The westernmost site is in France , the easternmost in Belarus . There are no reports of finds from Albania and Macedonia , but there are from Greece . The species does not occur on the islands of the Mediterranean.
literature
- Heinz joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 9 . Cerambycidae Chrysomelidae . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-8274-0683-8 (first edition: Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1966). P. 64
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe . Ed .: Heinz Freude . tape 3 : ecology . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1992, ISBN 3-87263-042-3 . P. 34
- Adolf Horion: Faunistics of the Central European Beetles Volume XII: Cerambycidae - Longhorn Beetles, Überlingen - Bodensee 1974 p. 130
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Clytus lama at FE , accessed July 30, 2018
- ↑ insects Saxony kinds Journal
- ↑ Protection status in Germany [1]
- ↑ Red list of longhorn beetles in Thuringia as of 2011
- ^ A b c E. Mulsant: Description d'un coléoptère nouveau de la tribu des Longicornes in Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Lyon - Section des Sciences Volume 2, Lyon 1847 p. 421
- ↑ a b Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ Mulsant : Tribe of Longicornes (suite) in Annales des sciences physiques et naturelles, d'agriculture et d'industrie Volume VII Lyon, Paris 1863 p.99 Clytus rhamni in the Google Book Search
- ^ A b Johann Nepomuk Laicharting: Directory and description of the Tyroler Insects 1st part, 2nd volume Zurich 1781 p. 104: 88 Clytus
- ^ Sigmund Schenkling: Nomenclator coleopterologicus 2nd edition, Jena 1922
- ↑ Maurice Pic: Quelques notes coléopteriques in Bulletin de las Société entomologique de France Paris 1900 p. 108 p. 110 var. Vesubiensis
- ↑ Determination table Clytus at coleo-net , accessed on July 24, 2018
- ↑ F. Picard: Faune de France - 20 - Coléoptères - Cerambycidae Paris 1929 key p. 100
- ↑ Ludwig Ganglbauer : Identification tables of the European Coleoptera - VII Cerambycidae in negotiations of the Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna Vienna 1881 Clytus lama p. 50/730
- ↑ E. Mulsant, Histoire naturelle des coléoptères de France Volume 2, Longicornes, Paris 1862–1863 Clytus lama p. 160
- ↑ A. Dubois: Les Longicornes Gallo-Rhénans - Tableaux traduits d'allemand et abrégés des Cerambycidae de L. Ganglbauer in Revue d'entomologie Volume III, 1884 p. 163 ff Clytus lama p. 195
- ↑ Gallery with several photos each [2]
- ↑ Maurice Pic: La Botanique appliquée à l'entomolgie in Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon new series, Vol. 20 Lyon 1913 p. 77
- ↑ L. Weber: The life phenomena of the beetles in Entomologische Blätter - Journal for Biology and Systematics of the Beetles Volume 12, Issue 10-12 Berlin 1916 p. 223
- ↑ Martin Goßner: Insektenwelten - The Douglas fir in comparison with the spruce [www.lwf.bayern.de/mam/cms04/waldschutz/daten/lwf-wissen-59-12.pdf P. 71]
- ↑ Erwin Schimitschek : Clytus lama Muls (Cerambycidae), a technical pest on coniferous wood that has received little attention up to now in Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie, 1929
- ↑ H. Maercks: Clytus lama Mul. as a pest in processed wood in works on physiological and applied entomology from Berlin-Dahlem Volume 10, 1943 No. 2/3 [3]
- ↑ Coleoptera Poloniae species sheet
