Calf heads

Calf heads
	Tumbling calf's head ( Chaerophyllum temulum )
Systematics
Order :	Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family :	Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily :	Apioideae
Tribe :	Scandiceae
Sub tribus :	Scandicinae
Genre :	Calf heads
Scientific name
	Chaerophyllum
	L.

The plant genus Kälberkröpf ( Chaerophyllum ) belongs to the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). The 40 or so species are common in the northern hemisphere .

description

Illustration of the tumbling calf's crop ( Chaerophyllum temulum )

Spice calf's caper ( Chaerophyllum aromaticum )

Gold calf's crop ( Chaerophyllum aureum )

Bulbous calf's head ( Chaerophyllum bulbosum )

Herbarium specimen of the beautiful calf's goiter or Zierlichen Kälberkropf ( Chaerophyllum elegans )

Hairy calf's crop ( Chaerophyllum hirsutum )

Alpine calf's crop ( Chaerophyllum villarsii )

Vegetative characteristics

Calf goiter species are annual , perennial or perennial , herbaceous plants . The above-ground parts of the plant are hairy.

The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blades are two or three pinnate .

Generative characteristics

The double-gold inflorescences are composed. Envelopes are absent or have few leaves, the envelope has several leaflets. The mostly hermaphrodite flowers are white to pale pink in color. Calyx teeth are missing. The bracts are curved back.

The fruits are narrow-oval to elongated and only slightly beaked.

ecology

Calf goiter species are pollinated by insects ( entomophilia ). The diaspores spread as Velcro fruits .

Systematics and distribution

The genus Chaerophyllum was established by Carl von Linné . The botanical genus name Chaerophyllum is derived from the Greek words chairein for "to be happy" and phyllon for leaf. Synonyms for Chaerophyllum L. are: Chrysophae Koso-Pol. , Golenkinianthe Koso-Pol. , Physocaulis ( DC. ) Exchange and Myrrhoides Fabr.

Calf goiter species can be found in Eurasia , North America and also in Africa .

The genus contains around 40 species:

Chaerophyllum acuminatum Lindl. : The homeland is the Himalayan region with the states Pakistan , India and Nepal .

Chaerophyllum aksekiense A.Duran & H.Duman : The home is Turkey .

Chaerophyllum angelicifolium M.Bieb. (Syn .: Chaerophyllum lasiolaenum Boiss. & Balansa ex Boiss. , Chaerophyllum orthostylum Trautv. , Chaerophyllum silvicola Lipsky ): The home is in Turkey and Georgia .

Spice calf's goiter , also called aromatic calf's goiter ( Chaerophyllum aromaticum L. ): The home is Central Europe , southeastern Europe and European Russia .

Chaerophyllum astrantiae Boiss. & Balansa : The home is in Turkey and Georgia .

Chaerophyllum atlanticum Batt. : The homeland is Morocco .

Chaerophyllum aurantiacum Post : Home is Lebanon and Syria .

Gold calf's goiter, also called gold- fruited calf's goiter ( Chaerophyllum aureum L. ): It is widespread from western, central, southern, eastern and south-eastern Europe, on the Crimea and from the Caucasus to Iran .

Azorean calf's head ( Chaerophyllum azoricum Trel. ): It is endemic to the Azores .

Chaerophyllum borodinii Albov : The home is Georgia.

Bulbous chervil , even beet chervil, tuberous chervil or Erdkastanie ( Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. , syn .: Chaerophyllum bobrovii Schischk. , Chaerophyllum bulbosum subsp. Bobrovii (Schischk.) Soó , Chaerophyllum caucasicum (Fisch. Ex Hoffm.) Schischk. , Chaerophyllum bulbosum var. caucasicum , Chaerophyllum laevigatum Vis. , Chaerophyllum verticillatum Pers. ): It is widespread in Central Europe, occasionally in Scandinavia , Eastern Europe , Southeastern Europe and Turkey as well as in Western Siberia .

Chaerophyllum byzantinum Boiss. (Syn .: Chaerophyllum angelicifolium DC. , Chaerophyllum orientale Willd. Ex Boiss ): The home is in Bulgaria and Turkey.

Chaerophyllum coloratum L .: The home is in southeastern Europe with Serbia , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro and Albania .

Chaerophyllum confusum Voronow : The homeland is Georgia.

Chaerophyllum creticum Boiss. & Hero. (Syn .: Chrysophae cretica Koso-Pol. , Grammosciadium creticum Calest. ): The home is in the Crete region.

Chaerophyllum crinitum Boiss. (Syn .: Chaerophyllum freynii M. Hiroe , Chaerophyllum gracile Freyn , nom. Illegit., Chaerophyllum pauciradiatum Rech. F. ): The home is Western Asia with Turkey as well as Azerbaijan and Armenia in the Caucasus region.

Chaerophyllum dasycarpum ( Hook. Ex S. Watson ) Nutt. : The home is the central southern USA .

Beautiful calf's head or dainty calf's head ( Chaerophyllum elegans Gaudin , Syn .: Chaerophyllum hirsutum subsp. Elegans ( Gaudin ) Ces. ): The home is the western Alps in Switzerland , France and Italy .

Chaerophyllum hakkiaricum Hedge & Lamond : The home is Turkey.

Chaerophyllum heldreichii Boiss. (Syn .: Grammosciadium heldreichii Calest. ): The home is in Albania and Greece .

Hairy calf's goiter , also wire-haired calf's goiter ( Chaerophyllum hirsutum L. , Syn .: Chaerophyllum magellense Ten. ): The distribution extends from the Pyrenees , the Apennines , the Alps , the Balkan Mountains and the Carpathian Mountains to the Central European Central Mountains .

Chaerophyllum humile M.Bieb. : The homeland is in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia and in the Russian Caucasus republics.

Chaerophyllum karsianum Kit Tan & Ocakv. : The home is in Turkey.

Chaerophyllum khorossanicum Czerniak. ex Schischk. : The homeland is Iran and Trans-Caspian regions.

Chaerophyllum kiapazi Woronow ex Shishk. : The home is in the Caucasus region.

Chaerophyllum leucolaeum Boiss. : The home is Turkey.

Chaerophyllum libanoticum Boiss. & Kotschy : The distribution area is in Lebanon , Syria and Turkey.

Chaerophyllum macropodum Boiss. : The home is in Turkey and Iran.

Chaerophyllum macrospermum ( Spreng. ) Fish. & CAMey. (Syn .: Scandix macrospermum Spreng. ): The home is in Lebanon, Turkey and Azerbaijan .

Chaerophyllum meyeri Boiss. & Buhse (Syn .: Chaerophyllum angelicifolium C.A.Mey. Nom. Illegitimate): The homeland is Azerbaijan.

Chaerophyllum nivale Hedge & Lamond : The home is Iran.

Bladder stem ( Chaerophyllum nodosum ( L. ) Crantz , Syn .: Scandix nodosa L. , Myrrhoides nodosa ( L. ) Cannon , Physocaulis nodosus ( L. ) WDJKoch ): The distribution extends over the Mediterranean area , the Middle East and Southeast Europe.

Chaerophyllum oligocarpum Post ex Boiss. : The home is Syria.

Chaerophyllum posofianum Erik & Demirkus : The home is Turkey.

Chaerophyllum prescottii DC. (Syn .: Anthriscus prescottii ( DC. ) Veesenm .; Is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the bulbous calf's head ( Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. subsp. Prescottii ( DC. ) Nyman )): The distribution extends from southeastern Europe over the Caucasian region, Central Asia and Siberia to the west of the West China's Xinjiang Autonomous Region.

Chaerophyllum procumbens ( L. ) Crantz (Syn .: Chaerophyllum articulatum Bosc ex DC. , Chaerophyllum bifidum Willd. Ex DC. , Chaerophyllum boscii Steud. , Scandix procumbens L. ): The home is in the eastern states of the USA .

Chaerophyllum reflexum Lindl. (Syn .: Chaerophyllum cachemiricum C.B. Clarke , sometimes as a synonym for Chaerophyllum villosum ): The distribution area extends from Afghanistan and Pakistan over the Himalayan regions to Tibet and Yunnan .

Chaerophyllum roseum M.Bieb. (Syn .: Chaerophyllum brachycarpum M.Bieb. Ex Hoffm. , Chaerophyllum millefolium DC. , Chaerophyllum tenuifolium Steven ): The home is in Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan and the Caucasus region.

Chaerophyllum rubellum Albov : Home is Georgia and the Russian Caucasus region .

Chaerophyllum syriacum Boiss. : The home is Lebanon.

Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. (Syn .: Chaerophyllum dahcophyllum Nutt. , Chaerophyllum floridanum ( JMCoult. & Rose ) Bush , Chaerophyllum texanum J.M.Coult. & Rose ): The home is central and eastern states of the USA.

Hedge calf's goiter , also called tumbler calf's goiter ( Chaerophyllum temulum L. ): It is widespread in Europe, in northwestern Africa, in northern Turkey and in the northern Caucasus region.

Alpine calf's head ( Chaerophyllum villarsii W.DJKoch , Syn .: Chaerophyllum hirsutum subsp. Villarsii (WDJKoch) Arcang. ): The home is Central and Southern Europe.

Chaerophyllum villosum Wall. ex DC. (Syn .: Anthriscus boissieui H.Lév. , Chaerophyllum reflexum Aitch. ): The distribution extends from Afghanistan and Pakistan over Indian Himalayan regions to Bhutan .

Species previously listed under this genus:

Kozlovia capnoides ( Decne. ) Spalik & SRDowny , (Syn .: Chaerophyllum capnoides ( Decne. ) Benth. , Further Butinia capnoides Decne. , Conopodium capnoides ( Decne. ) Koso-Pol. , Neoconopodium capnoides ( Decne. ) Pimenov & Kljuykov ) : The homeland is the Kashmir region.
Kozlovia laseroides ( Hedge & Lamond ) Spalik & SRDowny , (Syn .: Chaerophyllum aquilegifolium Rech.f. & Riedl , further Chaerophyllum laseroides Hege & Lamond , Neoconopodium laseroides ( Hedge & Lamond ) Pimenov & Kljuykov ): The home is in Afghanistan and Pakistan .
Wild calf fillet = meadow chervil ( Anthriscus sylvestris ( L. ) Hoffm. , Syn .: Chaerophyllum sylvestre L. )

swell

Chaerophyllum L., calf's goiter. Botanical Garden of the University of Tübingen, accessed on April 16, 2019 .

literature

She Menglan, Mark F. Watson: Apiaceae through Ericaceae . In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H.Raven (eds.): Flora of China . Volume 14. Science Press et al. a., Beijing et al. a., ISBN 0-915279-24-X , Chaerophyllum , p. 25 (English, online section description, text identical to the printed work).
John Francis Michael Cannon : Chaerophyllum In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 324–326 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search - from the unchanged reprint from 2010 ( ISBN 978-0-521-15367-6 )).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d GRIN Taxonomy for Plants. Genus: Chaerophyllum L. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area, accessed May 16, 2018 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag R. Hand: Apiaceae, Details for: Chaerophyllum. Included taxa. In: The Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, January 2011, accessed on May 16, 2018 (English).
↑ Krzysztof Spalik, Stephen R. Downie: The Utility of Morphological Characters for Inferring Phylogeny in Scandiceae Subtribe Scandicinae (Apiaceae) . In: Missouri Botanical Garden Press (Ed.): Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden . tape 88 , no. 2 , 2001, ISSN 0026-6493 , p. 270–301 , JSTOR : 2666227 (Chapter Chaerophyllum from page 291; full text online PDF file 4.20MB).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^{e E.} Nasir: Umbelliferae . Chaerophyllum . In: Flora of Pakistan . Volume 20. Stewart Herbarium, Rawalpindi 1972, OCLC 311345915 (English, online - further link under Lower Taxa).
↑ Chaerophyllum dasycarpum - Distributions. In: Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden, accessed March 12, 2012 .
^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 838 .
↑ CB Clarke: Sabiaceae to Cornaceae . In: JD Hooker (Ed.): The Flora of British India . tape 2 , no. 6 . L. Reeve & Co., London 1879, Order LXX. Umbelliferae, S. 691 ( online - Chaerophyllum capnoides first description digitized at Biodiversity Heritage Library).

Web links

Commons : Kälberkroppf ( Chaerophyllum ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Chaerophyllum at Plants For A Future . Retrieved December 20, 2011.