Azorean calf neck
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Azorean calf head ( Chaerophyllum azoricum ), in Hillier Gardens , England |
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| Chaerophyllum azoricum | ||||||||||||
| Trel. |
The Azorean chervil ( Chaerophyllum azoricum ) is a plant from the genus of chaerophyllum ( Chaerophyllum ) in the family of Umbelliferae (Apiaceae). It only occurs in the Azores .
description
Appearance and foliage leaf
The Azorean calf's goiter is a perennial herbaceous and vigorous plant that reaches heights of about 60 to 100 centimeters. The slightly purple colored stem is bald or has little and short hair at the nodes .
The alternate leaves are stalked and have a leaf sheath . The leaf blade is pinnate unpaired ; the cut edge is roughly sawn irregularly. The petiole , spindle and blade are often densely hairy. Stipules are absent.
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
The flowering period is between May and July. The flowers , which sit on radiantly diverging stems, are clustered in double-gold inflorescences . The bracts are large and showy. The envelope is absent or consists of up to three back-curved, sometimes sloping bracts .
With the exception of the fruit leaves five petals are radial symmetry . The sepals are missing. The five free and white petals are curved back, edged and not ciliate. The five free and fertile stamens only form a circle. Two spreading pens stand on an almost 1 millimeter large, conical pen pad .
Only two carpels are one under constant ovary grown. In each of the two fruit compartments there is only one ovule that is developing to maturity . The approximately 12 to 15 millimeters long two-part split fruit is a narrow, oval to elongated and only slightly beaked Velcro fruit . It has a carpophor and clear oil passages.
Occurrence, hazard and protection
The Azorean calf neck is endemic to the Azores and grows on the islands of Flores , São Jorge , São Miguel and Pico in humid and sheltered places at altitudes above 700 meters.
This type of calf's crop is rare, threatened with extinction and is a protected species. It was placed under protection by the Council of Europe in 1979 in the Bern Convention by listing it in Appendix 1 of the "strictly protected European wild plants and animals". The European Union lists them in Directive 92/43 / EEC (Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive) in Appendix II as "Plant species of Community interest, for the conservation of which special protection areas must be designated".
Taxonomy
Chaerophyllum azoricum was in 1897 by William Trelease in Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 8, page 116, first described .
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literature
- John Francis Michael Cannon : Chaerophyllum In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 324-325 (English, limited preview in Google book search - Chaerophyllum and Chaerophyllum azoricum - from the unaltered reprint from 2010 ISBN 978-0-521-15367-6 ).
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d William Trelease: Botanical Observations on the Azores . In: Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden . tape 8 . St. Louis 1897, p. 116 (English, first publication of Chaerophyllum azoricum scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
- ↑ a b c Andreas Stieglitz: Azores flora . Norderstedt, 2004, ISBN 3-8334-0888-X ( Azorean Kälberkropf in the Google book search).
- ↑ Marta D. Mendes, Helena Trindade, A. Cristina Figueiredo, Luis G. Pedro, José G. Barroso: Chaerophyllum azoricum Trel. grown in the Azores archipelago, Portugal . evaluation of the genetic diversity using molecular markers and comparison with volatile oils profiles. In: Flavor and Fragrance Journal . tape 24 , no. 5 , 2009, ISSN 1099-1026 , p. 259–265 , doi : 10.1002 / ffj.1939 (English, wiley.com [PDF; 7 kB ; accessed on December 20, 2011]).
- ↑ Chaerophyllum azoricum Trel. In: Biodiversidade dos Açores. Universidado dos Açores, accessed March 8, 2012 (Portuguese).
- ^ Council of Europe (ed.): Bern Convention-Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats . Appendix I. Bern, September 19, 1979 ( online [accessed on March 10, 2012] status of March 1, 2002 with Chaerophyllum azoricum ).
- ↑ Council Directive 92/43 / EEC of May 21, 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and wild animals and plants (Habitats Directive) in the consolidated version of January 1, 2007 (PDF; 200 kB) . Annex I, pp. 17–19, 23 In: OJ. L 206 of July 22, 1992 ( Chaerophyllum azoricum )
