Gold calf's head

Gold calf's head
	Gold calf's crop ( Chaerophyllum aureum )
Systematics
Family :	Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily :	Apioideae
Tribe :	Scandiceae
Sub tribus :	Scandicinae
Genre :	Calf heads ( Chaerophyllum )
Type :	Gold calf's head
Scientific name
	Chaerophyllum aureum
	L.

The golden calf's goiter ( Chaerophyllum aureum ), also called golden-fruited calf's goiter , is a species of the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). It occurs scattered in Central Europe .

For the Württemberg region near Rottweil , the name calf kernel is also used as a common name .

description

The gold calf's head is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of about 60 to 130 cm. This hemicryptophyte is similar in habit to the meadow chervil ( Anthriscus sylvestris ). However, it can be clearly distinguished from this by the red spotted stem and in the fruit structure.

Stems and leaves

The stem is upright, angularly furrowed at the bottom, slightly grooved at the top, short fine-fluffy to shaggy, and usually with long, stiff hair, sometimes it is also completely bald. The soft leaves are three to four times pinnate; the lower ones are stalked and the upper ones seated on the sheath. The lowest leaf sections are triangular-egg-shaped and pointed. The upper sections are lanceolate to sickle-shaped and have upwardly curved, white-tipped saw teeth. They are ciliate on the edge and on the leaf veins .

The flowering period extends from June to August. The flowers are too many together in double umbels . The umbels are large and have 10 to 15 rays. The shell is missing or has one or two leaves. There are five to ten husk leaves; they are lanceolate, about as long as the Döldchen rays, very narrow skin-margined and ciliate to hairy.

In this species, both hermaphroditic flowers and all-male flowers can appear on the same plant. There are also plants that only contain hermaphrodite flowers. The petals are white, glabrous, broadly obovate and up to 2 mm long. The spreading stylus branches are twice as long as the stylus pad.

The fruits are longer than the stem, oblong and somewhat bulbous, yellow-brown and smell spicy to fruity.

The species has chromosome number 2n = 22.

Herbarium evidence of the gold calf's goiter

Occurrence and endangerment

The gold calf's goiter occurs in southern, central and eastern Europe from Spain to southern Russia and from the Caucasus to Persia. It is a pre-alpine (sub-Mediterranean) floral element.

Chaerophyllum aureum occurs in Germany scattered in the middle and in the south of the area. In the Austrian state of Burgenland it is considered extinct; in Vienna he can only be found inconsistent or locally naturalized. The occurrences in the other Austrian federal states are frequent to rare. The gold calf's goiter is considered endangered in the eastern and southeastern Alpine foothills .

Chaerophyllum aureum occurs in fresh to moderately moist weed fields, seams and ruderal areas. The species is nitrogen pointer and prefers montane layers. In Central Europe, the gold calf's caper is a character species of the Chaerophylletum aurei from the Aegopodion association. It rises in the Allgäu Alps on the northeast ridge of the Fellhorn up to 1950 m above sea level.

Systematics

Chaerophyllum aureum was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . Synonyms for Chaerophyllum aureum are Bellia aurata Bubani , nom. illeg., Chaerophyllum hybridum Ten. , Chaerophyllum maculatum Willd. , Chaerophyllum monogonum kit. ex Link , Chaerophyllum temuloides Boiss. Boiss , Chaerophyllum trapezuntinum . , Croaspila aurea ( L. ) Raf. , Golenkinianthe gilanica ( SGGmel. ) Koso-Pol. and Scandix gilanica S.G. Gmel.

swell

literature

Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 3 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

Individual evidence

^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 89. ( online ).
↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 701 .
↑ Chaerophyllum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 838 .
↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 263.
↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . tape 1 . Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 370 ( digitized version ).
↑ Ralf Hand: Apiaceae, Details for: Chaerophyllum aureum. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, January 2011, accessed on March 11, 2012 (English).
↑ Chaerophyllum aureum. Synonyms. In: The Plant List - A working list of all plant species. January 1, 2010, accessed on March 11, 2012 (English, assessment of species names with regard to the degree of probability of their validity).

Web links

Commons : Gold calf's head ( Chaerophyllum aureum ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Gold calf's head. In: FloraWeb.de.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Gold calf's head . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Chaerophyllum aureum L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Accessed December 31, 2015.
Data sheet and pictures at Blumen in Swabia

[1] Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 89. ( online ).

[Oberdorfer2001-2] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 701 .

[GRIN-3] Chaerophyllum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[ExkursionsfloraA2008-4] Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 838 .

[Dörr_und_Lippert-5] Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 263.

[SpPla-6] Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . tape 1 . Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 370 ( digitized version ).

[Euro+Med-7] Ralf Hand: Apiaceae, Details for: Chaerophyllum aureum. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, January 2011, accessed on March 11, 2012 (English).

[plantlist-8] Chaerophyllum aureum. Synonyms. In: The Plant List - A working list of all plant species. January 1, 2010, accessed on March 11, 2012 (English, assessment of species names with regard to the degree of probability of their validity).