Narcissistic hurt

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Narcissistic offense describes both a specific behavior with which an offense is inflicted and an experience with which it is felt. Individuals as well as groups or states can be affected by the offending event . In this respect, the narcissistic insult has a communicative function. Specific means that narcissistic insults are attacks on narcissism and the identity of the other person. They should attack his self-esteem, shake self-confidence and self-confidence and question and thereby weaken self-esteem and self-worth .

Humiliation , exposure , degradation , devaluation , humiliation and ridicule are used as means of offense, among other things fear , pain and shame , but also frustration , anger and possibly the desire for revenge are experienced . The answers can be adaptive regulation or pathological responses from a person with narcissistic personality disorder or other mental illness .

The pair of terms of narcissistic offense goes back to Sigmund Freud and is still used today in various scientific disciplines, the natural as well as the social sciences , because “offenses are omnipresent”.

Use of the term in Freud

In A Difficulty in Psychoanalysis of 1917, Freud explains "that general narcissism (...) has so far experienced three serious offenses (...)", namely the offenses of mankind , which the discoveries of Copernicus , Darwin and the unconscious in psychoanalysis represented.

According to Freud, the human ego with its analytical abilities takes up only a relatively small amount of space compared to the psychological processes taking place in the unconscious . It is largely dominated by affects , the defensive illusionary misjudgment , early childhood imprints and trauma of pubertal development. The lifting of resistance and the awareness that adult human beings' demands on other persons, institutions or higher powers, such as care, attention, security and love, are infantile , egoistic and illusory, and the confrontation with these realizations, e.g. B. during psychoanalytic treatment lead to a narcissistic offense.

He had already used the expression "narcissistic self-insult" in Mourning and Melancholy (1916). In The Tabu of Virginity of 1918 it is said for the first time "narcissistic insult" (which in defloration outweighs physical pain). In On Some Neurotic Mechanisms in Jealousy, Paranoia and Homosexuality from 1922, Freud differentiates in “normal” jealousy between “the grief , the pain of the love object believed lost, and the narcissistic insult, insofar as it can be separated from the other”. In The Future of an Illusion of 1927 he speaks of the “offense of natural narcissism”, in The Man Moses and the Monotheistic Religion (1937) he mentions “early damage to the ego (narcissistic insults)”.

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literature

Web links

  • Lydia Heller: That offended me. In: Deutschlandfunk Kultur. February 27, 2020, accessed June 25, 2020 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Schmidbauer : The secrets of the hurt and the riddle of narcissism. (=  Learn to live . Band 303 ). Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2018, ISBN 978-3-608-89230-7 ( review [accessed June 25, 2020]).
  2. ^ Salman Akhtar , Henry Parens (ed.): Revenge. Narcissistic Injury, Rage, and Retaliation . Jason Aronson, 2013, ISBN 978-0-7657-1013-0 (English).
  3. ↑ Lydia Heller: The offended me. In: Deutschlandfunk Kultur. February 27, 2020, accessed June 25, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Freud, Collected Works, Vol. XII, p. 6 f.
  5. ↑ Collected Works, Vol. X, p. 440: "Whether the loss of the ego without regard to the object (purely narcissistic self-insult) is not sufficient to create the image of melancholy (...)"
  6. ↑ Collected Works, Vol. XII, p. 173.
  7. ↑ Collected Works, Vol. XIII, p. 195.
  8. ↑ Collected Works, Vol. XIV, p. 337.
  9. ↑ Collected Works, Vol. XVI, p. 179.

See also