National Democratic Movement of the Amhars
The National Democratic Movement of the Amhars ( Amharic የብሔረ አማራ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ንቅናቄ Yä-Bəherä Amara Demokrasiyawi Nəqnaqe (Democratic Movement of the (ethnic group) of the Amhars), short form Bi'aden ; abbreviated ANDM), from September 30, 2018 Democratic Amharen Party , was one socialist political party in Ethiopia , which was primarily aimed at the Amharic population group.
She was part of the ruling coalition Revolutionary Democratic Front of the Ethiopian Peoples (EPRDF), led by the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) . In total, the party of the National Democratic Movement of the Amharen had about 750,000 members. Critics viewed the ANDM as largely controlled by the TPLF. Amhars tend to be more in favor of a centralized political system and do not see themselves as one of many ethnic groups, but as residents of the respective geographic region and generally as Ethiopians.
On December 1, 2019, the Democratic Amharen Party merged with the Democratic Movement of the South Ethiopian Peoples and the Oromo Democratic Party to form the new Prosperity Party .
history
The ANDM emerged in 1980 from a part of the IHAPA , which merged with the TPLF. She was active underground in Begemder (Gonder) province and fought the Derg regime under Mengistu Haile Mariam . It was initially called the Democratic Movement of the Ethiopian People (English "Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement", EPDM ). The organization (which until the end of the 1980s called itself Marxist-Leninist ) emerged from a wing of the IHAPA around Addisu Legesse (today Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development as well as Secretary General of the ANDM), which expressed the negative attitude of the IHAPA towards the criticized armed movements in Eritrea and Tigray and advocated a close alliance with the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF); The latter brought the EPDM and later the ANDM the charge of being merely a bloc party of the TPLF. In any case, the EPDM has worked closely with the TPLF since its inception, and in the 1980s it developed into the strongest armed opposition group against the Mengistu regime among the Amharic-speaking population in the provinces of Begemder, Shewa and Wollo .
In 1989 TPLF and EPDM formed the EPRDF coalition, which has been the central government of Ethiopia since the fall of Mengistu and his Ethiopian Labor Party in 1991. The EPDM was renamed ANDM to emphasize its focus on the Amharen ethnic group. The organization's program, which was previously oriented towards the whole of Ethiopia, has been changed to an Amharic ethnic nationalism, which corresponds to the "ethnic federalism" introduced by the TPLF / EPRDF (see administrative structure of Ethiopia ).
From Oromo members of the EPDM and from Oromo prisoners of war, the TPLF founded the Democratic Organization of the Oromo people as the partner of the Amhars in the Oromo ethnic group. In the parliamentary elections in May 2005, the National Democratic Movement of the Amhars received a total of 87 out of a possible 546 seats in the Ethiopian House of Representatives .
See also
swell
- ↑ Wolbert CG Smidt: Parliamentary elections in Ethiopia (PDF; 63 kB), in: Afrika Spectrum 40, 2005, pp. 319–330
- ↑ Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung : Political parties in Ethiopia: Between ethnic orientation and program orientation (PDF; 135 kB)
- ↑ a b Sarah Vaughan: Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia (PDF; 1.6 MB), doctoral thesis, University of Edinburgh 2003 (pp. 187–189, 233f., 241)
- ↑ Donald N. Levine: Amhara , in: Siegbert Uhlig (Ed.): Encyclopaedia Aethiopica , Volume 1, 2003, ISBN 3-447-04746-1
- ↑ Paulos Chanie: Clientelism and Ethiopia's post-1991 decentralization , in: Journal of Modern African Studies 45/3, 2007
- ↑ Website of the Ethiopian Parliament ( Memento of July 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) ( English )